Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has become one of the main obstacles to controlling (and eventually eliminating) this disease 1–4. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the number of patients suffering from TB with resistance to rifampicin (RR-TB) or multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB, resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin) is increasing alarmingly each year. Furthermore, the treatment success rates achieved globally are suboptimal, barely exceeding 50% 1, 2, 5. The proportion decreases to 25% in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) (MDR-TB plus resistance to at least one fluoroquinolone (FQ) and a second-line injectable (SLI) drug) and to <20% when the drug resistance profile is beyond XDR 1, 2, 5.