This paper proposes a general conceptual framework which aims to integrate the concept of network resilience within that of transport security. In particular, methodological reflections on the role of resilience vs vulnerability in connectivity network structures, such as scale-free networks, are highlighted. Operational measures of resilience are also outlined in order to enhance resilience in transport and communication networks. Current policy strategies which focus on resilience show the relevance of this issue and the need for continuing research on the links between complex transport networks and resilience, mostly by exploring this relationship at different scale levels and its impact on the whole network.