Lithium is an important component in the supply chain of vital technological industries. Therefore, it is critical to accurately analyze lithium's ability to fulfill demand for lithium consumption. The concentration of lithium in rivers, lakes, and seawater on Bangka Island was examined using ICP-OES. XRD and SEM-EDX were used to confirm the carrier minerals and rock morphology around the waters. The seawater showed the highest lithium level, averaging 0.28 ppm. Other essential elements, including boron and cobalt, had average levels of 2.90 ppm and 0.93 ppm, respectively. The results can be used to improve the effectiveness of initial exploration surveys. Display omitted •Anomalous lithium distribution patterns in surface water might help with initial exploration and water pollution levels.•Encourage lithium prospecting technology for in-situ analysis.•Volcanoes assist humans by producing lithium-rich rocks..