ABSTRACT IN SLOVENE: Osemnajsto stoletje je bilo prelomno tudi na podrocju kazenskega kaznovanja. Prispevek na podlagi dejanskih primerov, ki so se nam ohranili v sodnih spisih, v zelo skrceni obliki prikaze »razvoj« kaznovanja roparjev in tatov na Kranjskem od zacetka 18. do zacetka 19. stoletja. Na zacetku obravnavane dobe je bilo v uporabi se mucenje, najprej pri zaslisevanju in nato pri javnem, opozorilnem usmrcevanju. Kazni so bile stroge, za hude in nepopravljive kriminalce skoraj vedno smrtne. V zacetku 19. stoletja o (zakonsko dovoljenem) mucenju pri zaslisevanju ni vec sledu, zahteva se vedno bolj utemeljeno dokazovanje, zato je vedno vec dejanj nedokazanih. Javno usmrcevanje zamenjajo prostostne kazni (ki so vedno krajse), jetnikom se izboljsjuje standard prestajanja kazni. Z vedno blazjim odnosom do kriminalcev pa se seveda ne strinja javno mnenje, ki s splosnim razvojem dobe dobiva vedno vec besede. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Researching penal court records created at district court in Ljubljana for the period from the beginning of the 18th till beginning of the 19th century, we can notice growing them more and more extensive in the course of time. Interrogations of the suspects were becoming more thorough, as well as the prosecutions which were to be more and more proved and consolidated. Consecutively more and more investigations and indictments ends with »absolutio ab instantia«. However, all these legal proceedings and changes were founded on penal legislation developing more and more human. In wishful thinking nobody be unjustly condemned, it took more and more efficiency to prove the guilt to the perpetrators, whose pleading rights, on the other hand, were increasing, so more and more virtual criminals flew from justice. In the period we are dealing with, a very noticeable change presents abolition of torture as a mean to win the recognition. Instead of using torture devices, paper work increased, penal files became thicker and stiffed criminals saw no reason more to confess anything. And very soon the world learned the almost proverbial wisdom: when confess, you ge half of the punishment, when confess nothing, you get free. This statement doesn't seem to be very original, and as a matter of fact, it is not. But the researching on concrete penal records points to the very source of this popular prudence which is hard to be opposed. The eagerness to did the best in achieving just dealings on the other hand in practise turned out perpetrators becoming more and more protected, on the contrary their victims becoming more and more threatened. Victimized people almost didn't dare to inform against criminals for they lived in certain fright of imminent revenge of the felons whom the jurisdiction was not able to prove the guilt in the first place or the revenge would follow after finished sentences which became shorter and shorter. Criminals were becoming more and more bold and in the before march period we can find in the penal files how arrested brigands threatened villagers, who helped captured them, with slaughter and arson. And indeed many a time especially arsons broke out of vengeance. Circumstances on the field of »daily«, so called brigand criminal went better after introducing of gendarmerie, which was present all the time among the people (in the country). But this was part of the preventive politics, the penal legislation was going on its »human« way.