Plants endure a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, all of which cause major limitations to production. Among abiotic stressors, heavy metal contamination represents a global environmental problem endangering humans, animals, and plants. Exposure to heavy metals has been documented to induce changes in the expression of plant proteins. Proteins are macromolecules directly responsible for most biological processes in a living cell, while protein function is directly influenced by posttranslational modifications, which cannot be identified through genome studies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct proteomic studies, which enable the elucidation of the presence and role of proteins under specific environmental conditions. This review attempts to present current knowledge on proteomic techniques developed with an aim to detect the response of plant to heavy metal stress. Significant contributions to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of plant acclimation to metal stress are also discussed. Biljke su neprestano izložene različitim čimbenicima abiotičkog i biotičkog stresa koji nepovoljno utječu na njihovu produktivnost. Teški metali kao česti zagađivači okoliša vrlo nepovoljno djeluju na sva živa bića, uključujući biljke, životinje i ljude. Poznato je da teški metali mogu mijenjati ekspresiju biljnih proteina. Proteine ubrajamo u biološki vrlo važne makromolekule čija je aktivnost u stanici izravno ovisna o posttranslacijskim modifikacijama, koje nije moguće pratiti na razini genoma. Stoga je nužno provoditi proteomska istraživanja kako bi se razotkrila prisutnost i uloga proteina u različitim vrstama okolišnog stresa. U ovom radu sažete su različite tehnike i metode istraživanja učinaka teških metala na biljni proteom, uključujući i sažet osvrt na složene mehanizme odgovora biljke na stres izazvan teškim metalima.