•Progress on graphene-cement composites have been comprehensively reviewed.•Graphene-based NanoSheets (GNS) significantly enhance cement composites properties.•Three main challenges to implement GNS in the construction field were identified. Graphene and graphene-based nanosheets (GNS) possess extraordinary mechanical, chemical, thermal and electrical properties, enabling attractive applications, ranging from structural strength/durability improvement, anti-corrosion, to self-cleaning surfaces and energy saving. Recent extensive research demonstrates that GNS also have the ability to transform conventional construction materials into smarter, stronger and more durable advanced composites. This review provides a comprehensive overview on developments and novelties in the fabrication, properties and applications of GNS in enhancing the strength and durability of concrete composites, pointing out the main challenges and future perspectives for GNS in the construction field.