Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) is a major giant bamboo species. Unreasonable fertilization and nitrogen (N) loss is a serious problem. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application methods (furrow and hole) and depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) on ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization and N runoff losses from June to December, 2015. Ammonia volatilization was detected as a single peak curve after fertilization. Three weeks later, fluxes of all fertilization treatments were similar to those of the control and remained stable. After the experiment, the cumulative NH 3 volatilization was 17.2–21.4 kg·ha −1 . Approximately 90% of NH 3 volatilization occurred within the first two weeks. The NH 4 + -N loss was higher than the NO 3 − -N loss, and the total runoff losses were relatively low. For the same application method, with the increase of application depth, the NH 3 volatilization and N runoff losses reduced; for the same application depth, the NH 3 volatilization and N runoff losses after furrow application were lower than those after hole application. Therefore, the deep and furrow application methods were effective in reducing N loss through NH 3 volatilization and runoff. In the present study, furrow application at a 20–40 cm depth has been appropriate for field practice.