Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Extended description: V oddaji ob obletnici so gledalci lahko spoznali, kako nastajajo oddaje na radiu in televiziji. Zjutraj, ko večina ljudi hiti v službo ali šolo, je točen čas zelo pomemben. Jutranjo kroniko, oddajo, ki jo vodi iz studia Saša Veronik, so pripravili že dan prej. V uredništvih zbirajo podatke in pripravljajo članke. Med trakovi v diskoteki in radijski dokumentaciji pripravljata gradivo Ivanka Kraševec in Irma Rauh. Dan prej izberejo tudi glasbeno opremo. Dežurni novinar med poročili izbere najvažnejše. V studiu pomaga pri osrednji jutranji informativni oddaji dežurnemu novinarju Veroniku tudi Ljubo Miloševič. V sprejemnem in oddajnem središču v razdelilnici tehnik sprejema telefonska sporočila sodelavcev z drugih celin in veže dopisnike na program ter govor in glasbo posreduje poslušalcem. Pavzni znak za kukavico si je zamislil prof. ing. Marij Osana. Pionir slovenskega radia ing. Osana je začel 8. Marca 1924. leta z oddajnikom, ki ga je sam izdelal, pripravljati prve radijske oddaje v Ljubljani. Slovenija je v tem času premogla le dvanajst radijskih sprejemnikov. Pod vodstvom ing. Osane so delavci v Domžalah zgradili močan oddajnik z jakostjo 2,5 kilovata. Poskusno je začel oddajati septembra 1928, redno pa 28. oktobra 1958. 1. septembra so v Ljubljani slavnostno odprli studijske prostore radijske oddajne postaje na nekdanji Bleiweisovi cesti. V prvi oddaji so nastopili pisatelj Fran Saleški Finžgar, pesnik Oton Župančič in zbor Prosvetne zveze z 800 pevci. V radijskem arhivu je še vedno ohranjeno celotno Finžgarjevo besedilo kot del radijske reportaže. Kukavica je kmalu postala največja zanimivost nove radijske postaje. Njen avtor Marij Osana se je nad njo silno navduševal in trdil, da takega pavznega znaka nimajo nikjer na svetu. Zato smo v televizijskem arhivu izbrali nekaj zgodb o kukavici in radiu iz knjige Smeh in nasmeh za kamero in mikrofonom. Nekoč je prof. ing. Marij Osana ves zamišljen korakal po fakultetnem hodniku, držal roke na hrbtu in se med sprehajanjem prav po kukavičje oglašal. Študenti in asistenti so se smejali, ko je profesor polglasno premleval, kako izdelati napravo, ki bo oddajala glasove, podobne kukavičjemu petju. Potem, ko je zavil v laboratorij, je bil pavzni znak v nekaj urah zasnovan. (zapisal inž. Slavoj Jenko) Po zamisli Marija Osane je umetno kukavico izdelal tehnik Franc Kramar. Sestavljena je bila iz dveh kolutov. Stiki med tema so se preklapljali v ritmu, ki je ponazarjal glas te ptice pevke. Pozneje so pri ljubljanskem preparatorju Herfordu naročili nagačeno pravo kukavico. V glavo, ki jo je bilo mogoče sneti, so ji napeljali elektriko in vstavili žarnici za oči. Te so se ji zasvetile vsakokrat, ko se je oglasila. Znanega tonskega snemalca Rudija Omoto je ob okupaciji Ljubljane skrbelo, kaj bo s kukavico. Skrivaj jo je odnesel iz radijskih prostorov in njen glas posnel na ploščo. Devetega maj 1945, na dan osvoboditve, je tako lahko znova oznanjala svobodno pomlad. (zapisal Mirko Bogataj) Pisatelj Fran Milčinski pa se je v reviji Ilustracija takole razpisal o radijski kukavici: »Šepeta se, da ima pri kukavici svoje prste vmes nesrečna politika. Pri nas je vse mogoče in lahko se zgodi, da bo lepega dne kukavica sploh odžagana in na cesti. Taki nakani bi se moral vesoljni kulturni svet najodločneje upreti, kajti je kukavica naša najbolj priljubljena točka, zvezda je našega programa in ponos naroda in se nič ne ve, ali ne pristopajo novi radioabonenti najbolj zaradi nje. Že se širi glas, da ima jako častne ponudbe iz inozemstva, ob znatno višji gaži.« Po vojni pa je zaokrožila tudi tale šala: Mož, ki je poslušal radio je začuden dejal svoji ženi: »Veš, v partizanih so nam komisarji marsikaj govorili, kako bo po vojni vse drugače: da bomo vsi enaki, da bo dela in kruha za vse, da ne bo davkov in tako naprej. Saj sem še nekaj verjel... Ampak, če bi mi rekli, da bo po vojni tudi kukavica pozimi pela, bi to bilo pa preveč.« Stavbe, v kateri je bil radijski studio, pa se je držal vzdevek »štala« (hlev). Ivan Pengov je bil prvi napovedovalec našega radia in duša programa. Na poslanstvo radia je bil ponosen in ni ga motilo, da je stavba, v kateri je bil studio, prava podrtija. Po domače smo jo imenovali kar štala. Nekega dne se je pred vhodom ustavil voz s konjsko vprego. Ko je Pengov prišel pogledat, kdo je, in voznika vprašal, kaj išče, mu je ta odgovoril, da išče štalo. »Tu je vendar radijski studio, ne pa štala,« je ponosno odgovoril. »Pa so mi rekli, da je tu štala,« je mirno pripomnil voznik. Sicer pa je bil pravi hlev na dvorišču sosednje gostilne. (zapisal inž. Dušan Vendramin) The first speaker at our radio was Ivan Pengov. The man was the heart and soul of the programme and being ever so proud of the power the radio had gained he didn't mind the humble conditions they had to put up with. The place was in such shambles that it was soon referred to as the barn. One day a man stopped his horse chart in front of the building. At the gate Pengov asked him what was his business and the man replied that he was looking for a barn. Proudly Pengov told him that they were standing in front of the radio station. The calmly answered Pengov that he was told that this was a barn. Actually the real barn could be found at the inn next door. The pioneer of radio waves in Slovenia was professor Marij Osana. Making a radio transmitter on his own, the first programme could be heard in 1924. In those days there were only twelve receivers in the whole of Slovenia. In 1929 under the guiding hand of engineer Osana a 2.5 kw broadcasting station was built in Domžale. When the works in Domžale were finally finished and in the house situated in Bleweisova Street ( today called Prešernova Street ) a radio studio was opened. The first programme featured poet Oton Župančič who till this day is considered one of our best, and our ever so popular writer Fran Saleški Finžgar whose text can still be heard in the radio archive. On that day the radio listeners could also listen to the singing of as many as 800 singers. Soon the cuckoo sound became one of the radio's greatest attractions. Professor Osana was so proud of his invention that he went as far as claiming that our radio had the best logo pause sound in the whole world. To remember this great and also very funny man, some stories reffering to the famous radio cuckoo, were chosen from the book Loughing and Smiling behind the Camera and Microphone. Marij Osana who was professor at Ljubljana Faculty of Technics was known to spend long hours experimenting at his laboratory. Once he was seen pacing up and down in the hall of the faculty. With his arms behind his back he was making a strange sound which closely resembled the voice of a cuckoo bird. His students couldn't stop laughing, while at that very moment mumbling to himself, professor was trying to find the solution of creating a device which could produce the sound as similar as to the one that real cuckoo birds made. Soon the seemingly absent minded professor returned to his laboratory, and the rest as often said is history. History of our radio. The so called artificial cuckoo bird was made by Franc Kramer according to the specifications by professor Osana. It was made of two wheels, with electrical circuits between them that were swiching to the rhythm that reproduced the sound of cuckoo bird`s singing. Later a stuffed cuckoo bird was comissioned with the master Herford who was told to make the head that could be removed. With the head taken off, electrical wires were installed inside the bird whose eyes made of two bulbs were lighting up every time the cuckoo made the sound. Another very important man of our radio history was Rudi Omota, the sound master. During the Italian and German occupation he became worried about what might happen to the famous Radio cuckoo. In secret he removed the bird from the studio and he also made a precaution of recording its sound. When the liberation day came on May 9, the familiar cuckoo sound could proudly announced that people are free to listen to their radio once again. Soon after the war the following joke about the radio cuckoo was told among people. Listening to the radio man turned to his wife in amazement and said: You must know that during the war, when fighting for the the right side, I was often told by my political comissonars that after freedom should come to our country all men would be free, that there would be enough work for everybody, and no taxes would have to be paid. Some of these things I could believe, but to hear a cuckoo bird singing in the middle of the winter. Had I been told that during war time I would never have believed it.- Information:- Making a morning radio programme: time announcement and the radio “cuckoo”. A studio, a record and tape archives and a distribution room.- Original language summary: Pripravljanje jutranje oddaje na radiu: ura in radijska kukavica, studio, diskoteta in razdelilnica.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana