Links between competitive victimhood and discrimination are well documented. However, the mechanisms how victimhood beliefs remain relevant for decades and how conflict survivors can shape attitudes ...and behaviours of the post‐conflict generations are little understood. Following the Transgenerational Transmission Hypothesis and the Integrated Threat Theory, we propose that the link between parental competitive victimhood and discrimination among their children is mediated through family ethnic socialization and symbolic threat to the in‐group. Participants were families that included youth (N = 227) and their parents (172 mothers, 150 fathers) in Vukovar, Croatia. A multiple group, chain mediation model was conducted with parental competitive victimhood as the predictor; youth ethnic socialization and symbolic threat as sequential mediators; and youth tendency to discriminate against the outgroup and perceived ethnic in‐group discrimination as outcomes. The findings revealed significant indirect effects of the competitive victimhood on both outcomes, via the proposed mediators. The only difference in the model between majority Croats and minority Serbs was the path from symbolic threat to tendency to discriminate, which was positive and significant for both groups, but stronger among Croats. The findings imply that interventions in post‐conflict settings need to address family ethnic socialization processes in addition to directly working with youth.
Art plays a prominent role in shaping urban aesthetic value, image and identity of public spaces. This paper aimed to examine the role of street art and graffiti in shaping impressions of the space ...using a correlational and experimental design in an online study with 874 participants (69% female, aged 15 to 66 years). The participants rated their impression of the space on an 8-item scale for a series of photographs of street art/graffiti and public space combinations. The results showed that street art/graffiti changed the impression of the space from rather neutral to more comfortable, appealing, playful, interesting, and safe. While the tag mostly had no significant effects, style writing and the mural had strong and positive effects. Implications of the study's results provide input for the rehabilitation and design of public spaces. Keywords: street art, graffiti, tag, style writing, mural, public space, subjective impression
The purpose of this study was to test the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being while taking into account the multidimensionality of social ...anxiety. Reaching this aim was preceded by examining the psychometric properties of the Croatian translation of the SPIN on a sample of 202 students. The results show support for the one-dimensional structure of the SPIN. However, it has also been shown that several items of the inventory may be redundant and that a 2-factor structure (12 items) fits the data better. The first factor was described as "observation situations and negative evaluation", while the second represented "social avoidance and fear". The total SPIN score showed convergent and divergent construct validity as well as high levels of internal consistency and test- -retest reliability. Loneliness fully mediated the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being. The symptoms of social anxiety that contribute to its relation with subjective well-being through loneliness are those related to the concerns of being negatively evaluated or merely observed by others when experiencing or doing something.
Reducing motorized transport has a number of positive effects on the environment and the quality of human life. Studies that provide better understanding of factors relevant to the choice of ...transport modes can help in creating campaigns to encourage use of environmentally friendly transport. The main goal of this study was to test the usefulness of the Theory of planned behavior (TPB), with the addition of personal norm, in predicting the intention of commuting by bicycle to university among students in Zagreb, Croatia. The data were obtained from 712 students at the University of Zagreb using an on-line survey. The results show that students mostly used public transport to go to university and that cycling is the second most common choice. The frequency of bicycle use differed due to the distance between the university and participant's home. Bicycle use first increased with the distance and then dropped at the category from 2 to 5km when it started to decrease and was the least frequent at distances longer than 10 km. All TPB components were significant predictors and explained 55% of the variance in intention of commuting by bicycle. Adding personal norm to the components of TPB made a small but significant contribution in explaining variance of the intention (additional 2%) at the same time personal norm was the weakest predictor. Practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
Abstract The pervasive problem of academic cheating is an important issue for teachers and other educational stakeholders. Since teachers are one of the most important role models to students, their ...approach to academic (dis)honesty will likely have a strong influence on them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify teachers’ perceptions of the frequency and acceptability of different kinds of cheating acts, as well as their perception of the reasons for cheating and their reactions to cheating. Additionally, this study attempted to investigate whether teachers from different levels of education differ in their perceptions of cheating and/or in strategies that they use to deal with this problem. Data was obtained from 400 teachers from Croatian universities, secondary schools and elementary schools using an on-line survey. The results show that teachers from all levels of education perceive cheating as very frequent, but unacceptable behaviour. They recognize the great importance of their role in the prevention of cheating, but their actual reactions are a cause of concern. Teachers’ reactions were usually reduced to warnings and did not lead to any serious consequences. Teachers from different levels of education reacted similarly to all acts of cheating. Key words: academic dishonesty; acceptability of cheating; cheating frequency; elementary, secondary and higher education; reasons for cheating.---SažetakSveprisutan problem varanja u školama i na fakultetima važna je tema za nastavnike i kreatore obrazovne politike. Budući da su nastavnici jedan od najvažnijih uzora svojim učenicima i studentima, njihov pristup akademskom (ne)poštenju zasigurno ima velik utjecaj na akademsko poštenje učenika/studenta. Zbog toga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati nastavničku percepciju učestalosti i prihvatljivosti različitih oblika varanja, njihovu percepciju razloga varanja i načine na koje reagiraju na pojavu varanja. Prema navedenom su uspoređeni nastavnici zaposleni na različitim razinama obrazovanja, a u svrhu utvrđivanja mogućih razlika među njima u odnosu na taj problem. Podaci su prikupljeni on-line anketom u kojoj je sudjelovalo 400 nastavnika zaposlenih u osnovnim i srednjim školama, i na fakultetima. Rezultati su pokazali da nastavnici svih triju razina obrazovanja percipiraju varanje kao vrlo često, ali neprihvatljivo ponašanje. Prepoznaju važnost vlastite uloge u prevenciji varanja, ali njihove su stvarne reakcije na pojavu varanja razlog za zabrinutost; obično su svedene na upozorenja i nemaju ozbiljne posljedice za učenike i studente. Nastavnici na različitim razinama obrazovanja, neovisno o obliku varanja, uglavnom reagiraju na sličan način. Ključne riječi: akademsko nepoštenje; osnovno, srednje i visoko obrazovanje; prihvatljivost varanja; razlozi varanja; učestalost varanja
Using the ecological approach as the conceptual framework, we investigated the connection between the exposure of youth to antisocial behaviour in the community and their developmental outcomes and ...checked the mediating role of family functioning and the moderating role of gender. A total of 558 adolescents of an average age of 16.4 years participated in the research. The applied instrument was a questionnaire on socio-demographic information and five measures of different ecological system levels: exposure to antisocial behaviour in the community scale (exosystem), Parental knowledge scale, family atmosphere scale (microsystem), General self-efficiency scale and a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (indicators of developmental outcomes). In accordance with the main propositions of the ecological developmental model, the systems closer to the person tend to be more significant for the prediction of their functioning compared to more distant systems. Exposure to antisocial behaviour in the community proved to be significant only in predicting externalized difficulties, whereas for internalized difficulties and individual strengths the significant predictors were only the indicators of family functioning. The mediating role of the observed aspects of family functioning in relation to exposure to antisocial behaviour in the community with externalized difficulties was partial, while it was full in relation to exposure to antisocial behaviour in the community with internalized difficulties and individual strengths. Identified indirect effects of family functioning are small to medium. The participant's gender did not show a significant moderating role in relation to exposure to antisocial behaviour in the community, family functioning or developmental outcomes youth.
The purpose of this study was to test the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being while taking into account the multidimensionality of social ...anxiety. Reaching this aim was preceded by examining the psychometric properties of the Croatian translation of the SPIN on a sample of 202 students. The results show support for the one-dimensional structure of the SPIN. However, it has also been shown that several items of the inventory may be redundant and that a 2-factor structure (12 items) fits the data better. The first factor was described as "observation situations and negative evaluation", while the second represented "social avoidance and fear". The total SPIN score showed convergent and divergent construct validity as well as high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Loneliness fully mediated the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being. The symptoms of social anxiety that contribute to its relation with subjective well-being through loneliness are those related to the concerns of being negatively evaluated or merely observed by others when experiencing or doing something. Keywords: social anxiety, SPIN, loneliness, subjective well-being Svrha ovog istrazivanja bila je ispitati medijacijsku ulogu osamljenosti izmedu socijalne anksioznosti i subjektivne dobrobiti, uzimajuci pri tome u obzir multidimenzionalnost socijalne anksioznosti. Postizanju ovoga cilja prethodilo je ispitivanje psihometrijskih svojstava hrvatskoga prijevoda SPIN-skale na uzorku od 202 studentice. Rezultati pokazuju potporu jednodimenzionalnoj strukturi SPIN-a. Medutim, pokazalo se i to da nekoliko cestica moze biti suvisno i da dvofaktorska struktura (12 cestica) bolje pristaje dobivenim podacima. Prvi je faktor opisan kao "situacije promatranja i negativne evaluacije", a drugi predstavlja "drustveno izbjegavanje i strah". Ukupni SPIN-rezultat pokazao je konvergentnu i divergentnu konstruktnu valjanost, kao i visoku razinu unutarnje konzistencije i test-retest pouzdanosti. Osamljenost potpuno posreduje u odnosu socijalne anksioznosti i subjektivne dobrobiti. Simptomi socijalne anksioznosti koji pridonose njezinu odnosu sa subjektivnom dobrobiti kroz osamljenost jesu oni koji se odnose na zabrinutost vezanu uz negativnu evaluaciju ili promatranje od strane drugih kada osoba nesto dozivljava ili radi. Kljucne rijeci: socijalna anksioznost, SPIN, osamljenost, subjektivna dobrobit
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