The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of nasal septum deformities in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) patients in various geographic regions in the world.
Anterior ...rhinoscopy without nasal decongestion was performed in 17 ENT centers in 14 countries. The septal deformities were classified according to the classification system proposed by Mladina.
A total of 2589 adult ENT patients (1500 males and 1089 females) were examined. Septal deformities were found in 89.2% of subjects. Left-sided deformities were slightly more prevalent than right-sided deformities (51.6% and 48.4%, respectively). The most frequent type of deformity was type 3 (20.4%). Straight septum was found in 15.4% of females and 7.5% of males.
Almost 90% of the subjects showed 1 of the 7 types of septal deformity. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of their appearance among particular geographic regions. Type 3 was the most frequent type. Straight septum was twice as frequent in females than in males.
The first attempts to systematize septal distortions have been given by Cottle who defined four groups of septal deformities: subluxation, large spurs, caudal deflection and tension septum. ...Fortunately, the variations of the septal deformities show a certain order, thus enabling more precise classification. Mladina was the first to make user-friendly classification of septal deformities in six basic types. He also described the seventh type, named "Passali deformity", which presents individually, but is always a well-defined combination between some of the previous six types. Mladina types of septal deformities (SD) are divided in two main groups: so called "vertical" deformities (types 1, 2, 3 and 4), and "horizontal" ones (types 5 and 6). This classification was immediately well accepted by rhinologists worldwide and started to be cited from the very beginning. Since then it has been continuously cited increasingly more often, thus making Mladina classification a gold standard whenever clinical researches on nasal septum are concerned. More than forty clinical studies based on this classification have been performed to date. It is extremely important to make a strict distinction between the types of SD since all of them play some specific role in the nasal and general physiology in man.
Some alternative products instead of immunotherapy are used in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).
In this paper, alternative products to treat allergic rhinitis and alternative routes for allergy ...immunotherapy are reviewed.
Alternative products and methods used instead of immunotherapy are tea therapy, acupuncture, Nigella sativa, cinnamon bark, Spanish needle, acerola, capsaicin (Capsicum annum), allergen-absorbing ointment, and cellulose powder. N. sativa has been used in AR treatment due to its anti-inflammatory effects. N. sativa oil also inhibits the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. The beneficial effects of N. sativa seed supplementation on the symptoms of AR may be due to its antihistaminic properties. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, some measures are taken regarding known immunotherapy applications and alternative routes of intralymphatic immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy are used.
There are alternative routes and products to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Objective: Numerous epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of nasal septum deformities in children have been performed over the last three decades. As these studies were performed in children of ...various age groups and used different classifications of septal deformities (without detailed morphologic systematization), it is no surprise that the results differ greatly from study to study. The purpose of the study was to evaluate clinical data on the total prevalence of nasal septum deformities and particular types of deformity in children and adolescents.
Methods: The study population consisted of 1797 randomly selected subjects divided into pre-school (aged 2–6), primary school (aged 7–14), secondary school (aged 15–18) and university (aged 19–22) groups. The native state was determined by means of anterior rhinoscopy without previous application of vasoconstrictive drugs. The observed pathologic septal deformities were classified into seven types according to Mladina's classification. A straight septum was designated as S. The prevalence of septum deformities in the population was calculated with 95% probability. Differences with respect to sex and types of deformity were tested by
χ
2-test.
Results: The prevalence of nasal septum deformities according to age groups was 28.0% in the 2–6 group, 21.1% in the 7–14 group, 40.6% in the 15–18 group and 41.8% in the 19–22 group. The distribution of the seven types of septal deformity was 51.1, 23.5, 5, 0.8, 10.0, 9.0 and 0.6%, respectively. The mean values (%) and 95% confidence intervals for the seven types of septal deformity were 14.7 (13.1–16.4%), 6.8 (5.6–7.9%), 1.4 (0.9–1.9%), 0.2 (0.0–0.4%), 2.9 (2.1–3.7%), 2.6 (1.9–3.4%) and 0.2 (0.0–0.4%), respectively. Total distribution in gender showed no difference (
P=0.102).
Conclusions: In the youngest age group (2–6 years), types 1 and 2 (deformities of anterior septal segments) were exclusively found, whereas types 5 and 6 were found in older age groups (become visible during and after the puberty). Types 1 and 2 are characteristic septal deformities for small children. Since, septal deformities can affect the growth and development of the maxilla and vice versa, the authors recommend examination of the nasal septum by an rhinologist who will be a part of a team performing the regular systematic health examination of children.
Aim
To point out the similarity of Meniere disease and spontaneous intracranial hypotension and difference of their treatment.
Methods
A case of a 54-year-old male patient with previously diagnosed ...Meniere’s disease and newly diagnosed spontaneous
intracranial hypotension syndrome is presented. Additional neuroradiological examination, Brain contrast-enhanced MRI and MR myelography were used for diagnosis.
Results
Due to deterioration of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus in the right ear the patient was referred to the additional neuroradiological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome. Brain contrast-enhanced MRI showed increased pachymeningeal contrast enhancement, and MR myelography identified the location of CSF leak. The patient was successfully treated conservatively.
Conclusion
According to our knowledge this is the fifth case report of Meniere’s disease and spontaneous intracranial hypotension coexistence. Both diseases have similar clinical presentation and initial treatment. We suggest procedures of additional examination when the treatment fails and initial diagnosis becomes questionable.
Summary Background The overall incidence of pathological septal deformity has been found to be significantly higher in unilateral cleft lip/palate (UCLP) children than in control children. Of the ...seven types of septal deformity according to Mladina's classification, type 6 has been found to be the most frequent in UCLP children, occurring in only 3.7% of the control children. Objective To investigate the incidence of type 6 septal deformity in the parents of UCLP children. Patients and methods UCLP children ( N = 62) and their parents ( N = 91) were examined for type 6 septal deformities. Results Type 6 was found in at least one parent of a UCLP child in 58% of cases. However, it was not found in the parents whose UCLP children did not show a type 6 septal deformity. Conclusion Type 6 septal deformity is almost a rule in children suffering from UCLP. Type 6 was not seen in the parents whose UCLP children did not show a type 6 septal deformity. There is a morphogenetic predisposition for the development of CLP in children whose parents carry a type 6 septal deformity.
Oštećenje sluha ima negativne učinke na kvalitetu života, osobito u socijalnoj i emocionalnoj domeni kvalitete komuniciranja. To izrazito dolazi do izražaja u starijoj životnoj dobi, kada je ...slabljenje kognitivnih sposobnosti najviše izraženo. Osim toga, starije osobe oštećenog sluha, koje su još uvijek radno aktivne, shvaćaju da je održavanje dobrog sluha od presudnog značenja za učinkovitost na radnom mjestu. S obzirom na značajnu prevalenciju starijih osoba s oštećenjem sluha koje ne koriste slušno pomagalo, kako u populaciji neverifi ciranih, tako i u audiološki verifi ciranoj populaciji, od ključne je važnosti učiniti dodatne napore da se takvim osobama povećaju spoznaje o prednostima i koristima upotrebe slušnih pomagala. Kako bi se ostvario ovaj cilj, nužan je multidisciplinaran javnozdravstveni pristup u rješavanju ovog zapostavljenog problema. Jedan od smjerova djelovanja bio bi pojačani audiološki probir populacije u domeni primarne zdravstvene zaštite. Drugi smjer djelovanja bio bi da se u sustavu i mreži javnog zdravstva osmisli nacionalni program ranog otkrivanja osoba oštećenog sluha u populaciji starijoj od 50 godina. Program bi trebao putem edukativnih sadržaja podizati svijest o potrebi liječenja i rehabilitacije nagluhih osoba. Treći smjer djelovanja bio bi provođenje randomiziranih kontroliranih studija kojima bi cilj bio ne samo prikupljati podatke povezane s prihvaćanjem, nošenjem i zadovoljstvom sa slušnim pomagalom, već ispitati i parametre koji su pokazatelji poboljšanja općeg zdravlja, kao što su emocionalno i socijalno funkcioniranje, komunikacijske sposobnosti te kognitivne mogućnosti.
Objective:
There has been little research into inherited septal deformities. While, Pejić carried out a study some 50 years ago, and Grymer more recently suggested that some posterior septal ...deformities could be inherited, both studies lack a precise definition of the types of septal deformities which were investigated. The aim of this paper is to investigate the hypothetic influence of heredity on the onset of particular types of septal deformities. The authors investigated a very particular and well defined type of septal deformity: type 6 after Mladina’s classification.
Methods:
The authors studied a group of 22 children among 779 children aged 7–14, selected at random, suffering from type 6 septal deformity and their 44 parents. They were examined by means of anterior rhinoscopy by two the same ENT specialists in rhinology. The control group consisted of 24 children with a straight nasal septum of the same age and sex distribution and their 48 parents. The results were compared using Fisher’s exact probability test.
Results:
In the studied group type 6 septal deformity was found in 21 out of 22 both fathers and mothers of these children. Type 6 was not found in any of 48 parents of children with no septal deformity.
Conclusions:
There is a high positive correlation between the appearance of type 6 septal deformities in both mothers and fathers of children with this type of deformity. The high correlation in the incidence of type 6 nasal deformity in mothers and their children and in fathers and their children suggests that this type of nasal deformity is inherited. Most authors hold that only posterior septal deformities result from inheritance factors, while anterior deformities result from environmental factors, that is, from injury to the nose and the central massif of the face. However, our study of type 6 deformities shows that certain types of anterior deformities can be inherited.
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of nasal septum deformities in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) patients in various geographic regions in ...the world. Materials and methods Anterior rhinoscopy without nasal decongestion was performed in 17 ENT centers in 14 countries. The septal deformities were classified according to the classification system proposed by Mladina. Results A total of 2589 adult ENT patients (1500 males and 1089 females) were examined. Septal deformities were found in 89.2% of subjects. Left-sided deformities were slightly more prevalent than right-sided deformities (51.6% and 48.4%, respectively). The most frequent type of deformity was type 3 (20.4%). Straight septum was found in 15.4% of females and 7.5% of males. Conclusions Almost 90% of the subjects showed 1 of the 7 types of septal deformity. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of their appearance among particular geographic regions. Type 3 was the most frequent type. Straight septum was twice as frequent in females than in males.
Unilateral aplasia of the nose is a rare congenital malformation. It is often associated with other malformations of the facial region, including abnormalities of the eye and lacrimal system, ...proboscis lateralis, and facial bone malformations. The authors present a case of heminasal aplasia in a 4-year-old boy who underwent surgery immediately after birth because of right-sided proboscis lateralis. A huge hemispheric tumefaction was occupying a large part of the right orbit, medial canthus, and frontonasal region of the face, causing lateroinferior protrusion of the eyeball. The right half of the external nose was aplastic. The patient was operated on by an external approach. The pathohistological findings from the top of tumefaction revealed cystic teratoma. The possible backgrounds for the onset of the tumefaction are discussed in two main directions: the cystic form of the regrowth of the remnants of inadequately excised proboscis lateralis and cystic teratoma of the ethmoidal sinus.
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