Colorectal carcinogenesis is a multi-factorial process which involves accumulation of genetic defect, protein modification, and cell interaction with matrix in colonic epithelial cells. Chronic ...inflammation is suspected to play role in carcinogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis, impairing DNA, and chronically stimulating mucosal proliferation. Alteration in intestinal microbes’ population, either in one particular species or in overall composition, may also cause chronic inflammation which increase the risk of developing adenoma or carcinoma. Inflammatory mediators and intestinal microbes have diverse effect in colorectal carcinogenesis. Several may increase host anti-tumor immunity, while the others may increase tumor growth. Various ways of interactions have just started to be partially understood. In addition, colorectal cancer chemoprevention is a promising and important knowledge due to limited success of current available therapy. Chemopreventive agents are currently being studied and have different success rate.
Role of Digestive Tract Hormone in Functional Dyspepsia Mohammad Adi Firmansyah; Makmun, Dadang; Murdani Abdullah
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy,
04/2013, Volume:
14, Issue:
1
Book Review
Dyspepsia is a complaint commonly found in daily practice. Functional dyspepsia is considered if the organic cause of dyspepsia is not found. The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia has not been ...fully understood. However there are three main pathophysiology, which are: motility disturbance, non-motility disturbance, and psychosocial factor. Several digestive tract hormones are ghrelin, motilin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), somatostatin, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP), are thought to play role in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia, particularly in the regulation of digestive tract motility. Currently, a new paradigm in digestive tract disturbance treatment is developing, such as motilin receptor agonist therapy (for example mitemcinal) and ghrelin receptor agonist therapy, which is used as one of the new modalities in treatment of dyspepsia.
Acupuncture in the Management of Functional Dyspepsia Yoveline, Anastasia; Murdani Abdullah; Guntur Darmawan ...
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy,
04/2012, Volume:
13, Issue:
1
Book Review
Dyspepsia is an uncomfortable sensation or pain in the upper abdomen which is persisting or recurring. Dyspepsia can be classified into functional and organic dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia is more ...commonly found compared to the organic type, approximately 60%. Pharmacologic therapy in the management of functional dyspepsia has not shown optimal results, with the multifactorial etiology of functional dyspepsia as the main challenge. Therefore, the management of functional dyspepsia is widened and involves variety treatment modalities, acupuncture being one of them. Acupuncture is a way of treatment by puncturing needles to particular area on the skin to eliminate pain and treat particular diseases. Acupuncture affects stomach motility and gastric acid secretion in functional dyspepsia patients. Two acupuncture points commonly used in functional dyspepsia are ST 36 and PC 6. Acupuncture can restore gastric motility in patients with functional dyspepsia, who have gastric emptying disturbance. Besides, functional dyspepsia complaints, such as epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, burning sensation, and bloating were found to improve after acupuncture therapy. Side effects of acupuncture are not life threatening with low incidence rate. The effectiveness of acupuncture therapy compared to standard medication shows varies results. Further studies are needed to determine the characteristics of functional dyspepsia patients which could have optimal results through acupuncture therapy.
The COVID-19 pandemic is not over yet. The Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is spreading very quickly in almost every country in the world because of its human-to-human ...nature. The first COVID-19 case in Indonesia was detected in Depok, West Java, on March 2, 2020. To deal with this, the government must decide on an efficient policy by observing the atmosphere and situation in each region. In this research, we aim to determine the risk status of COVID-19 transmission in the East Java region using Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System. The data used are 38 district data groups consisting of four variables. The input variables are COVID-19 positive cases, suspect cases, and probable cases. The output variable is the risk status of COVID-19 transmission data. The results of this study, the Fuzzy Inference System Tsukamoto method, can be used to determine the risk status of COVID-19 transmission in all areas in East Java with an accuracy value of 95.51%. We implement the model of this research in Banten. The results of model calculations in Banten Province show that the model can be used to determine the zone status of each region in Banten with an accuracy rate above 97%. Therefore, the parameter values for each input and output variable in this study can be used in decision-making in areas that have the same zoning policy.
