Sustainable analytical chemistry is gaining great interest in global environmental pollution control. In addition, valsartan (VAS) and sacubitril (SAB) have been recently approved by the FDA as a ...fixed-dose combination "LCZ696". It showed efficacy and safety enough to extend its application from heart failure to hypertension control. VAS/SAB dual therapy is considered expensive; however, its prescription has increased significantly worldwide. This prescription increased the demand for developing sustainable analytical methods that simultaneously analyze VAS and SAB. Highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed for this purpose. A synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique was applied. In one method, it was followed by spectral derivatization at the first-order level. The signals were recorded at 230 and 211 nm for VAS and SAB, respectively. Synchronous spectrofluorimetry was coupled to a dual-wavelength mathematical approach in the second method. Signals were derived by subtracting synchronous responses at 241 nm, 226 nm, and 239 nm from the response at 208 nm for VAS and SAB, respectively. Method validation was carried out following ICH guidelines. VAS showed linear calibration curves spanning the range of 60-200 and 80-600 ng mL
−1
for the derivative and dual wavelength-assisted approaches, respectively. SAB achieved linear responses in the range of 17-190 and 30-350 ng mL
−1
for the first and second methods, respectively. The green profile of the proposed methods was confirmed using the analytical eco-scale (AES), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and analytical greenness metric (AGREE) tools. The proposed hybrid methods proved highly sustainable through the whiteness RGB 12 algorithm evaluation approach. Whiteness was comparatively assessed for the proposed and reported methods based on relative scoring depending on the parameters of each method. Despite this scoring approach being accurate as a relative score for comparative purposes, it gave rise to underestimated absolute scores. Therefore, to obtain a proper conclusion from the comparative whiteness study, all the methods were ranked according to their whiteness score, illustrating the excellent whiteness ranks of the proposed methods. Upon complete comparison with the reported methods, the suggested ones showed several advantages concerning analytical performance and the greenness level. The proven affordability and simplicity encourage their wide industrial application in developing countries.
Sustainable analytical chemistry is gaining great interest in global environmental pollution control.
To evaluate the dental arch changes produced by the miniscrew-supported palatal crib (MSPC) and the conventional fixed palatal crib (CFPC) after the treatment of patients with anterior open bite ...(AOB) attributed to the tongue-thrusting habit in the mixed dentition stage.
A total of 26 children aged 8 to 11 years with an AOB were randomly distributed into two equal groups; the MSPC group was treated using a palatal crib supported by two miniscrews inserted paramedially, whereas the CFPC group was treated using a conventional fixed palatal crib soldered to bands. Digital models were obtained pretreatment and after a follow-up duration of 9 months.
The MSPC group included 12 participants (9 girls and 3 boys; mean age, 9.4 ± 0.75 years), and the CFPC group included 12 participants (10 girls and 2 boys; mean age, 9.0 ± 0.73 years). The amount of AOB closure was similar in both groups: 3.97 ± 1.44 mm in the MSPC group and 3.97 ± 0.89 mm in the CFPC group. There was significant mesial movement of the maxillary first molar in the CFPC (-1.42 ± 0.99 mm) compared with the MSPC group (-0.53 ± 0.32 mm).
Both appliances resulted in similar improvement in the amount of AOB closure. There was significantly more mesial movement of the maxillary first molars in the CFPC group compared with the MSPC group.
In the present study, a new class of heavy tailed distributions using the T-X family approach is introduced. The proposed family is called type-I heavy tailed family. A special model of the proposed ...class, named Type-I Heavy Tailed Weibull (TI-HTW) model is studied in detail. We adopt the approach of maximum likelihood estimation for estimating its parameters, and assess the maximum likelihood performance based on biases and mean squared errors via a Monte Carlo simulation framework. Actuarial quantities such as value at risk and tail value at risk are derived. A simulation study for these actuarial measures is conducted, proving that the proposed TI-HTW is a heavy-tailed model. Finally, we provide a comparative study to illustrate the proposed method by analyzing three real data sets from different disciplines such as reliability engineering, bio-medical and financial sciences. The analytical results of the new TI-HTW model are compared with the Weibull and some other non-nested distributions. The Baysesian analysis is discussed to measure the model complexity based on the deviance information criterion.
Chromium is a hazardous compound from industrial processes, known for its toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Chemical methods are efficient but cost-effective alternatives ...with reduced sludge are sought. Electro-coagulation, utilizing low-cost iron plate electrodes, was explored for factual tannery wastewater treatment in this manuscript. Operating parameters such as initial chromium concentration, voltage, electrode number, operating time, agitation speed and current density has been studied to evaluate the treatment effeciency. Under optimal conditions (15 V, 0.4 mA/cm2, 200 rpm, 330 ppm chromium, 8 iron electrodes with a total surface area of 0.1188 m2, 3 h), chromium elimination was 98.76%. Iron anode consumption, power use, and operating cost were 0.99 gm/L, 0.0143 kW-h/L, and 160 EGP/kg of chromium eliminated, respectively. Kinetics studies were pursued first-order reaction (97.99% correlation), and Langmuir isotherms exhibited strong conformity (Langmuir R2: 99.99%). A predictive correlation for chromium elimination (R2: 97.97%) was developed via statistical regression. At HARBY TANNERY factory in Egypt, industrial sewage treatment achieved a final chromium disposal rate of 98.8% under optimized conditions.
Nanoferrites of the general formula Cu1−xMgxFe2O4 with 0≤x≤0.6 were prepared by standard ceramic and wet methods. The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The density and ...lattice constant were calculated and reported. The particle size of the prepared nanoferrites ranged from 8.7 to 41.1nm. It was found that the lattice parameter decreases with increasing cation substitution of Mg2+ due to the difference of ionic radius and atomic mass. The dc magnetic susceptibility was measured out using Faraday's method. The magnetic hysteresis measurement was performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Magnetic constants such as Curie temperature, effective magnetic moment, saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and corecivicty were obtained and reported. The magnetic constants decrease with increasing Mg2+, except the remanent magnetization which increased.
► We study the effect of Mg2+ on structural and magnetic properties of copper ferrite prepared by the different methods. ► To determine which method gives the smallest particle size and optimize the physical properties. ► To determine which sample is suitable for different applications.
In this paper, we try to supplement the distribution theory literature by introducing a new distribution, called the logarithmic transformed Weibull (LTW) distribution by logarithm transformation ...method. The proposed distribution exhibits constant, decreasing, increasing, unimodal and unimodal then bathtub‐shaped hazard rates. Although our main focus is on the estimation from the frequentist point of view, in addition, we derive some useful structural and statistical properties of the proposed LTW distribution. The LTW parameters are estimated by eight frequentist methods of estimation. We perform extensive simulation experiments to show the performances of the proposed estimators. Applications of the model are presented by reanalyzing two real data sets, and comparisons are made with the fit attained by some other well‐known distributions for illustrative purposes. As an illustration, one data set is analyzed for competing risks to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed model.
The production of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from salty wastewater using an electrochemical cell has several advantages over other methods that often require hazardous chemicals and generate toxic ...waste, being more sustainable and environmentally friendly. However, the process of producing sodium hypochlorite using an electrochemical cell requires careful control of the operating conditions, such as the current density, flow rate, inert electrode spacing, and electrolyte concentration, to optimize the conversion efficiency and prevent electrode fouling and degradation. In this study, NaOCl was produced via a bench-scale electrochemical cell using a flowing porous graphite electrode in a continuous flow system from salty wastewater collected from the Suez Canal in Egypt. The aim of the investigation was to examine the factors that affect the concentration of NaOCl and energy consumption, such as anodic current density, salinity, inert electrode spacing, and influent feed flow rate. A lab-scale reactor with two electrodes was used to conduct the experiments. The highest NaOCl yield of 20.6% was achieved with a graphite electrode, which had high current efficiency and rigidity at a flow rate of 4.5 mL/min, a current density of 3.183 mA/cm2, an electrode space of 0.5 cm, salinity of 40,000 ppm, and a pH of 6.4. The power consumption under these conditions was 0.0137 kwh. Additionally, a statistical and least square multivariate regression technique was employed to establish a correlation for predicting the % NaOCl production. The obtained correlation had an R2 value of 98.4%. Overall, this investigation provides valuable insights into the production of NaOCl using a continuous flow system from salty wastewater, which could have potential for industrial applications in various sectors such as textiles, detergents, paper, and pulp.
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•Quail manure's viability as a co-digested substrate for corn stover was proved.•Alkaline pretreatment increased hydrolysis rate and decreased lignin of corn stover.•Synergistic ...co-digestion clearly arisen when “corn stover VS”/“quail manure VS” = 0.•Highest methane yield was achieved by coupling co-digestion and alkaline pretreatment.•Energy balance of best-case scenario was positive.
To overcome low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, recalcitrant nature, and enhancement methane production of corn stover, it was co-digested with quail manure along with alkaline pretreatment using NaOH. The best-case scenario was attained when a mixture of 50/50 with 2.5% NaOH pretreated corn stover was employed. As compared to control (mono-digested/untreated corn stover), largest lignin reduction (16%), organics solubiliztion (27.7%), maximum methane yield enhancement (2-fold higher, 296.5 mL CH4 gVSadd−1) was achieved. The most important contributing factor to enhancement was the synergistic effect resulting from ideal C/N ratio applied and hydrolysis rate accelerating. The experimental data obtained were validated using first-order kinetic model. Energy analysis revealed a positive energy balance, with a 6-fold increase in energy output. These results highlight the feasibility of recycling available agricultural wastes into renewable resources rather than just discarding them, with the added benefits of producing clean biogas without the need for expensive high-tech equipment.
This exploration investigates integrated treatment systems combining advanced oxidation processes (Fenton and photo-Fenton) with biological methods for the effective elimination of stubborn organic ...compounds in simulated textile wastewater composed of azo Dichlorotriazine dye. A comprehensive optimization of key process factors including catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide quantity, irradiation duration, etc. was systematically conducted for both Fenton and photo-Fenton processes to realize maximum COD and color removal. Under ideal conditions (0.4 g/L photocatalyst, 1 mL/L H2O2, and 75-Watt UV intensity for 60 min), the photo-Fenton process realized 80% COD elimination and complete decolorization, meeting industrial discharge limits without needing extra biological treatment. Statistical models correlating process parameters to treatment efficiency were developed, giving important design insights. For Fenton, effluent COD exceeded discharge thresholds, so a post-biological treatment using activated sludge was essential to comply with regulations. This integrated Fenton–biological scheme utilizes synergism between chemical and biological processes for enhanced overall treatment. Notable economic benefits were achieved by photo-Fenton over conventional UV-only and UV/H2O2 methods regarding energy consumption and operating costs. Overall, this pioneering work successfully proves integrated advanced oxidation–biological systems as a superior, sustainable alternative to traditional techniques for economically removing obstinate pollutants, such as azo Dichlorotriazine dye, as it is a simulated textile wastewater treatment used to satisfy environmental standards.
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