We study neutrino-induced charged-current (CC) π0 production on carbon nuclei using events with fully imaged final-state proton-π0 systems. Novel use of final-state correlations based on transverse ...kinematic imbalance enables the first measurements of the struck nucleon's Fermi motion, of the intranuclear momentum transfer (IMT) dynamics, and of the final-state hadronic momentum configuration in neutrino pion production. Event distributions are presented for (i) the momenta of neutrino-struck neutrons below the Fermi surface, (ii) the direction of missing transverse momentum characterizing the strength of IMT, and (iii) proton-pion momentum imbalance with respect to the lepton scattering plane. The observed Fermi motion and IMT strength are compared to the previous MINERνA measurement of neutrino CC quasielastic-like production. The measured shapes and absolute rates of these distributions, as well as the cross section asymmetries, show tensions with predictions from current neutrino generator models.
We measure neutrino charged-current quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon at high statistics using the wideband Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam with neutrino energy peaked at 6 GeV. The ...double-differential cross section is reported in terms of muon longitudinal (p_{∥}) and transverse (p_{⊥}) momentum. Cross section contours versus lepton momentum components are approximately described by a conventional generator-based simulation, however, discrepancies are observed for transverse momenta above 0.5 GeV/c for longitudinal momentum ranges 3-5 and 9-20 GeV/c. The single differential cross section versus momentum transfer squared (dσ/dQ_{QE}^{2}) is measured over a four-decade range of Q^{2} that extends to 10 GeV^{2}. The cross section turnover and falloff in the Q^{2} range 0.3-10 GeV^{2} is not fully reproduced by generator predictions that rely on dipole form factors. Our measurement probes the axial-vector content of the hadronic current and complements the electromagnetic form factor data obtained using electron-nucleon elastic scattering. These results help oscillation experiments because they probe the importance of various correlations and final-state interaction effects within the nucleus, which have different effects on the visible energy in detectors.
Accelerator based neutrino oscillation experiments seek to measure the relative number of electron and muon (anti)neutrinos at different
L
/
E
values. However high statistics studies of neutrino ...interactions are almost exclusively measured using muon (anti)neutrinos since the dominant flavor of neutrinos produced by accelerator based beams are of the muon type. This work reports new measurements of electron (anti)neutrinos interactions in hydrocarbon, obtained by strongly suppressing backgrounds initiated by muon flavor (anti)neutrinos. Double differential cross sections as a function of visible energy transfer,
E
avail
, and transverse momentum transfer,
p
T
, or three momentum transfer,
q
3
are presented.
Published by the American Physical Society
2024
In any geographical area, surveys of the prevalence of intestinal helminths are necessary to suggest appropriate control measures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal ...helminth infections in children of the Kashmir valley and to identify the risk factors. Stool samples were collected from 2256 children from rural as well as urban areas of the Kashmir valley. The samples were examined by simple smear and zinc sulphate concentration methods. Intensity of the infection was quantified by Stoll's egg-counting technique. Infection by at least one intestinal helminth was found in 71.18% of the sampled population. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest (68.30%), followed by Trichuris trichiura (27.92%), Enterobius vermicularis (12.67%) and Taenia saginata (4.60%). Light (57.1%) to moderate (42.8%) intensity of infection was observed for A. lumbricoides, while the majority of the infected children (92.3%) harboured a light intensity of infection for T. trichiura. The age group, rural or urban residence, type of water source, boiled or unboiled water, type of defecation site, level of personal hygiene and maternal education were associated with helminth infection. Adequate control measures are urgently needed to combat the high prevalence of intestinal helminths and risk factors in the children of Kashmir valley.
Stroke is a major cause of death with hypertension being identified as an important modifiable risk factor. Prompt identification of stroke symptoms and timely management is noted to be significant ...in lowering both morbidity and mortality. Baseline stroke knowledge in hypertensive patients is crucial to develop effectively targeted, and appropriate health promotion campaigns; thus, the main objectives of this study are to assess the awareness of stroke and to determine health-seeking practices among hypertensive patients.
A standardized questionnaire survey regarding awareness and practices about stroke among hypertensive patients was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. The sample size was calculated as 384.
Out of 384 patients evaluated, 80.5% had heard about stroke, 71.6% knew someone with stroke, and 76% identified the brain as the organ affected. Sudden onset numbness of limb (66.9%) and hypertension (93.5%) were common warning symptom and risk factor identified. 87.5% would take stroke patients to a hospital. Only 45.1% of the patients took their medications regularly, and 38% checked their blood pressure.
Majority of hypertensive patients were aware of stroke but the awareness of risk factors and warning signs was poor. Stroke prevention practices were also sub-optimal. There is a need to increase knowledge regarding risk factors, which will benefit the community at large.
In the last century, conventional selection and breeding program proved to be highly effective in improving crops against abiotic stresses. Therefore, breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in crop ...plants should be given high research priority as abiotic stresses are the main factor negatively affecting crop growth and productivity throughout the globe. Advancement in physiology, genetics and molecular biology, have greatly improved our understanding of plant responses to stresses. Many studies show that salt tolerance is tightly associated with the ability to maintain ion homeostasis under salinity. Na+ transporter SKC1 unloads Na+ from xylem; plasma membrane N+/H+ antiporter SOSI excludes sodium out of cytosol, and tonoplast Na+/H+ anti porter NHX1 sequesters Na+ into the vacuole. Silicon deposition in exodermis and endodermi of rice root reduces sodium transport through the apoplastic pathway. A number of transcription factors regulate stress-inducible gene expression that leads to initiating stress responses and establishing plant stress tolerance. Over expression of some transcription factors, including DREB/CBF and NAC, enhances salt, drought, and cold tolerance in rice. A variant of one of ERF family genes, Sub1A?1, confers immersion tolerance to lowland rice. These findings and their exploitation will hold promise for engineering breeding to protect crop plants from certain abiotic stresses. Although, cereal crops are also quite sensitive to various abiotic stresses, hence in this short review, we will present recent progresses in adaptation of cereal crops to salinity, drought and cold tolerance are emphasized and the future potentials are highlighted.
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