Gossypium hirsutum L. is also called upland cotton or Mexican cotton. It is the most widely cultivated species of cotton in the whole world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production comes from ...the cultivars derived from this species. Some genetic parameters like monopodial branches per plant, sympodial branches per plant, sympodial branch length, bolls per plant, boll weight, sympo-boll distance, Ginning Out Turn%, staple length (rg = 0.9199**), and fiber strength along with seed cotton yield were evaluated for their potential utilization via selection in seed cotton yield improvement. Significant positive genetic correlations were estimated for monopodial branches per plant (rg = 0.9722**), sympodial branches per plant (rg = 0.7098**), sympodial branch length (rg = 0.617**), bolls per plant (rg = 0.8271**), boll weight (rg = 0.8065**), sympo-boll distance (rg = 0.6507**), Ginning Out Turn (GOT)% (rg = 0.7541**), staple length (rg = 0.9199**), and fiber strength (rg = 0.7534**) with seed cotton yield. A path analysis of all the yield traits under study revealed strong positive direct effects of monopodial branch length (1.1556), sympo-boll distance (0.8173) and staple length (0.7633), while plant height exerted a highly strong direct negative effect (-1.2096) on yield. It is concluded that a direct selection based on monopodial branch length and sympo-boll distance, and staple length is effective, whereas, monopodial branch length, and sympodial branch length are good selection indicators via bolls per plant for yield improvement in cotton.
Recently, a novel crosstalk between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been casted. However, this has been seldom investigated in metastatic BC (mBC). H19 and miR-486-5p role in mBC are controversial. ...ICAM-1 is a recently recognized metastatic engine in mBC. Natural compounds were recently found to alter ncRNAs/target circuits. Yet, Hesperitin's modulatory role in altering such circuits has never been investigated in mBC.
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of hesperitin on miR-486-5p/H19/ICAM-1 axis.
BC patients (n=20) were recruited in the study. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using different prediction softwares. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were cultured and transfected using several oligonucleotides or treated with serial dilutions of hesperitin. RNA was extracted and gene expression analysis was performed using q-RT-PCR. ICAM-1 protein levels were assessed using human ICAM-1 Elisa Kit. Cytotoxic potential of hesperitin against normal cells was assessed by LDH assay. Several functional analysis experiments were performed such as MTT, colony forming and migration assays.
The study showed that miR-486-5p and H19 had paradoxical expression profiles in BC patients. miR- 486-5p mimics and H19 siRNAs repressed ICAM-1 and halted mBC hallmarks. A novel crosstalk between miR- 486-5p and H19 was observed highlighting a bi-directional relationship between them. Hesperetin restored the expression of miR-486-5p, inhibited H19 lncRNA and ICAM-1 expression and selectively regressed mBC cell aggressiveness.
miR-486-5p and H19 are inter-connected upstream regulators for ICAM-1 building up miR-486- 5p/H19/ICAM-1 axis that has been successfully tuned in mBC cells by hesperitin.
The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness and perception of malaria and dengue fever in Multan Punjab, Pakistan while taking into account the important role of government policies and ...other variables. The goal of this study is to examine the awareness of students in Multan, Pakistan on malaria and dengue. This study is based on a quantitative approach of secondary evidence from scientific journals and questionnaire surveys. It is also based on observational evidence gathered in Multan Punjab Pakistan, in a field study. The survey with school children, teachers and healthcare professionals were both formal and semi-structuralize. Studies have found that malaria and dengue mainly affect children's schooling through their absence, but can also induce brain loss and cognitive disability. In questionnaires, students were seen to have different understanding of the illness, but also to be able to serve as agents of health reform only through teachers. A sample size of 500 respondents has been selected from different colleges of district Multan Punjab, Pakistan. Correlation technique is used for the data analysis. According to our results it is concluded that the students at college level are aware of malaria and dengue diseases, but they are not capable of engaging and serving as agents for health reform. On the basis of results it is recommended that students must teach about epidemics diseases regarding how to handle these diseases.
Since westernized diet-induced insulin resistance is a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) coexists with amyloid β (Aβ)1-42 in these patients, our AD ...novel model was developed to resemble sporadic AD by injecting LPS into high fat/fructose diet (HFFD)-fed rats. The neuroprotective potential of palonosetron and/or methyllycaconitine, 5-HT3 receptor and α7 nAChR blockers, respectively, was evaluated after 8 days of daily administration in HFFD/LPS rats. All regimens improved histopathological findings and enhanced spatial memory (Morris Water Maze); however, palonosetron alone or with methyllycaconitine promoted animal performance during novel object recognition tests. In the hippocampus, all regimens reduced the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and skewed microglia M1 to M2 phenotype, indicated by the decreased M1 markers and the enhanced M2 related parameters. Additionally, palonosetron and its combination regimen downregulated the expression of ASC/TMS1, as well as levels of inflammasome downstream molecules and abated cleaved caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and caspase-11. Furthermore, ACh and 5-HT were augmented after being hampered by the insult. Our study speculates that blocking 5-HT3 receptor using palonosetron overrides methyllycaconitine to combat AD-induced neuroinflammation and inflammasome cascade, as well as to restore microglial function in a HFFD/LPS novel model for sporadic AD.
Both Internet of Things (IoT) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) have a major role in increasing efficiency and productivity for smart cities. Despite that, they face potential security threats that ...need to be reduced. A new Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has become necessary to secure them. Many researchers have recently used recent techniques such as machine learning to analyze and identify the rapid growth of attacks and abnormal behavior. Most of these techniques have low accuracy and less scalability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Secured Automatic Two-level Intrusion Detection System (SATIDS) based on an improved Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The proposed system differentiates between attack and benign traffic, identifies the attack category, and defines the type of sub-attack with high performance. To prove the efficiency of the proposed system, it was trained and evaluated using two of the most recent realistic datasets; ToN-IoT and InSDN datasets. Its performance was analyzed and compared to other IDSs. The experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms others in detecting many types of attacks. It achieves 96.35 % accuracy, 96 % detection rate, and 98.4 % precision for ToN-IoT dataset. For InSDN dataset, the results were 99.73 % accuracy, 98.6 % detection rate, and 98.9 % precision.
Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and influenza A virus, require the host proteases to mediate viral entry into cells. Rather than targeting the continuously mutating viral ...proteins, targeting the conserved host-based entry mechanism could offer advantages. Nafamostat and camostat were discovered as covalent inhibitors of TMPRSS2 protease involved in viral entry. To circumvent their limitations, a reversible inhibitor might be required. Considering nafamostat structure and using pentamidine as a starting point, a small set of structurally diverse rigid analogues were designed and evaluated in silico to guide selection of compounds to be prepared for biological evaluation. Based on the results of in silico study, six compounds were prepared and evaluated in vitro. At the enzyme level, compounds
-
triggered potential TMPRSS2 inhibition with low micromolar IC
concentrations, but they were less effective in cellular assays. Meanwhile, compound
did not trigger potential TMPRSS2 inhibition at the enzyme level, but it showed potential cellular activity regarding inhibition of membrane fusion with a low micromolar IC
value of 10.87 µM, suggesting its action could be mediated by another molecular target. Furthermore, in vitro evaluation showed that compound
inhibited pseudovirus entry as well as thrombin and factor Xa. Together, this study presents compound
as a hit compound that might serve as a starting point for developing potential viral entry inhibitors with possible application against coronaviruses.
New nickel(
ii
), palladium(
ii
), and platinum(
iv
) complexes were synthesized by reacting the metal ions with benzidinedioxime in a 1 : 1 mole ratio. The CHN elemental analysis, spectroscopic ...analyses, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) results showed that two Ni(
ii
) and two Pd(
ii
) ions coordinated to two benzidinedioxime ligands
via
the nitrogen atoms of both oxime groups and the two azomethine nitrogen atoms. In the case of the dinuclear platinum(
iv
) complex, however, each Pt(
iv
) is coordinated with the two oxygen atoms of the oxime group and the two azomethine nitrogen atoms of the ligand. Both elemental analyses and PXRD indicated that the complex ions of Ni(
ii
) and Pt(
iv
) have distorted octahedral geometry, whereas Pd(
ii
) has a square planar geometry. Molecular docking studies showed that the nickel(
ii
) complex is the most potent dual DHPS/DHFR bacterial inhibitor. The receptor of the DHPS enzyme (3ZTE) showed the best interaction with the nickel(
ii
) complex when compared to a receptor of the DHFR enzyme (
3FRB
). All the synthesized complexes and ligand exhibited significant results against
PS. Aeruginous
than their corresponding SMX-TMP drug. Among the three synthesized complexes, the nickel(
ii
) complex possessed the highest antimicrobial activities against tested microorganisms.
New nickel(
ii
), palladium(
ii
), and platinum(
iv
) complexes were synthesized by reacting the metal ions with benzidinedioxime in a 1 : 1 mole ratio.
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•Exposure to arsenic causes apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in brain.•Chlorogenic acid inhibits arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in mice.•Chlorogenic acid has antioxidant, ...antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic activities.
Arsenic is a potent neurotoxic xenobiotic found in drinking water, and food. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an abundant polyphenol in coffee, potentially has a wide range of therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to explore the mechanism in detail the neuroprotection provided by CGA against arsenite-induced toxicity in mice and the underlying mechanisms involved. The mice were randomly divided into five groups; control, CGA (200 mg/kg), arsenite (5 mg/kg), CGA (100 mg/kg) + arsenite, and CGA (200 mg/kg) + arsenite. All animals were treated daily for four weeks. Arsenite exposure significantly lowered all brain functions (neurochemicals, AChE, and BDNF) as well as cellular antioxidant activities, increased inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and the antiapoptotic Bcl2 gene, and upregulated apoptotic Bax and Casp3 genes. Fortunately, CGA reversed all arsenite-induced brain alterations in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, CGA is recommended for practice use as a natural safeguarding food additive.
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