Based on the example of an automated module of a vertical farm for growing plants, an author’s method for developing automated devices using modern microcontrollers and a high-level microPython ...programming language is proposed. Additive technology as a method of “rapid prototyping” made it possible to effectively solve the issue of creating the main components of the module. The works on designing, assembling, and adjusting the experimental setup were carried out using modern methods and approaches for the industrial development of devices. The automated system makes it possible to solve the problems of lack and selection of the correct dosage of nutrients necessary for plants, controls, and minimizes water consumption, the root system develops fully. These factors make it possible to grow an adult plant in a short time without human participation. The apparatus can be used for organizing research activities in the subject areas of the natural science cycle, for greening in corridors and classrooms, and growing fresh herbs.
A brief review of studies of the extraction-pyrolytic method to produce inorganic materials of various purposes is presented. The potential to use products of the extraction-pyrolytic method as ...precursors in additive manufacturing is discussed. Modern methods of 3D printing using powder materials are considered. A process flow diagram is proposed for an extraction-additive technology (from raw material to articles).
The review presents summary data on extracting agents and the application of sorption processes during the cycle of studies on the joint processing of calcium and silicon-containing raw materials on ...the production of calcium silicates and composite materials on their basis. It is found that, in processes of the production of synthetic calcium silicates from various types of calcium and silicon-containing raw materials, ionic and nonionic surfactants, including extractants, serve as structuring additives that hinder crystal growth and impede their agglomeration. The sorption properties of amorphous and crystalline nanopowders of calcium silicates and hydrosilicates synthesized from water-soluble materials are studied with respect to cations of base and rare metals. It has been found that the studied samples have high sorption capacity for cations of Eu3+, Pr
3+
, Tb
3+
, Er
3+
and may be used as the basis for producing functional composite materials. The efficiency of applying the extraction-pyrolytic method has been shown to provide homogeneity and predetermined composition of the desired products, for the production of ceramic pigments and luminescent materials based on calcium silicates.
A method for the preparation of composite luminescent materials based on nanosized calcium silicates activated with triply charged rare earth metal ions using extraction pyrolysis was developed. The ...optimum concentration, time, and temperature parameters of the process were determined. The sorption method was studied as an alternative for the preparation of luminescent materials.
Hybrid luminophores of the composition CaSiO
3
: Eu
2
O
3
, Tb
2
O
3
; CaSiO
3
: Pr
2
O
3
, Tb
2
O
3
; CaSiO
3
: Gd
2
O
3
, Tb
2
O
3
; and CaSiO
3
: Er
2
O
3
, Tb
2
O
3
(finely crystalline powders) were obtained. Their composition, structure, and properties were studied.
The results of our experimental studies of processes for the synthesis of calcium silicate and hydrosilicate powders with needle-shaped particles from phosphogypsum (technogenic calcium-containing ...raw material) and sodium silicate block (silicon-containing product of chemical industry) under hydrothermal and microwave-hydrothermal conditions are presented.
The microwave-hydrothermal synthesis at 200–220°C was found to be promising for the preparation of calcium hydrosilicates with a long-fiber (needle) structure of particles. The synthesized products contained large single crystallites with a length to diameter ratio of 100 : 1 and higher; therefore, they can be used for reinforcing fillers for some construction materials.
Nanosized powders of calcium hydrosilicates with a high granulometric uniformity have been synthesized from water-soluble calcium- and silicon-containing raw materials in the presence of ...structure-forming agents using the sol-gel method. The possibility of their application as the main components in the manufacture of acrylic paints has been demonstrated. The process of the formation of CaSiO
3
/TiO
2
composite nanoparticles using freshly precipitated calcium hydrosilicate gel using the extraction-pyrolysis method has been investigated. A method of preparing composite titanium pigments based on calcium silicates has been elaborated and the possibility of using them in paint compositions as a substitute for titanium dioxide has been found out. A method of producing a white water-dispersion acrylic paint based on synthetic calcium hydro-silicates in the form of pastes of high humidity from calcium chloride and liquid glass has been developed.
Based on N.S. Kurnakov’s composition-property conception of physicochemical analysis and on studies by I.V. Tananaev, V.B. Lazarev, A.D. Verkhoturov, and other scientists, we suggest the raw ...material-technology-composition-structure-particle size-property-application seven-term formula as the methodological basis for mineral processing and for the synthesis of inorganic materials for various purposes. Our systematic studies have resulted in the development of processing technologies for mineral and technogenic calcium- and silicon-containing materials for obtaining synthetic calcium silicates and various related materials.
During hydrothermal synthesis of calcium hydrosilicates from phosphogypsum and silica gel, the addition of quaternary ammonium bases during the crystallization step makes it possible to decrease the ...particle size and preserve the high disparity of calcium silicate product (wollastonite) after high-temperature annealing (from 900 to 1200°C). Solid extractants (TVEKS) based on xonotlite and wollastonite were obtained and tested with the use of a binary extractant, namely, methyltrioctylammonium di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphate. The methods of preparation of organomineral paints based on calcium hydrosilicate were designed with the use of binary dyes of various compositions. Shell ceramic cobalt paints on a wollastonite carrier were obtained with the use of extraction-pyrolitic method.
