Stem cell factor (SCF) plays important roles in primordial follicle activation, oocyte growth and survival, granulosa cell proliferation, theca cell recruitment, and ovarian steroidogenesis. The aim ...of this study was to investigate the effect of SCF on in vitro growth of buffalo oocytes. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were dissected from early antral follicles of slaughtered buffalo ovaries and cultured for 6 days in media supplemented with 0, 50 or 100 ng/mL SCF. In vitro grown oocytes were further cultured for in vitro maturation for 24 h. The results showed that SCF significantly (P < 0.05) increased oocyte diameter in vitro. The percentages of surviving oocytes were 60, 81 and 92 in 0, 50 and 100 ng/mL SCF supplemented group, respectively. SCF promoted formation of antrum-like structures in culture. The results also showed that SCF enhanced the maturation of in vitro grown buffalo oocytes. Here, 14% in vitro grown oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) stage in 50 ng/mL SCF supplemented group, whereas the percentage was increased to 26% in 100 ng/mL SCF treated group. These results show that SCF supports the growth, viability and nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes in vitro.
•SCF promotes growth of buffalo oocytes in vitro.•SCF enhanced the maturation of in vitro grown buffalo oocytes.•SCF supports survival rate of buffalo oocytes in vitro.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of theophylline on in vitro fertilization of buffalo oocytes and embryo development in subsequent in vitro embryo culture. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) ...were collected from large antral follicles of slaughtered buffaloes and matured in vitro for 24 hours. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized in Brackett and Oliphant’s (BO) media supplemented with four different concentrations of theophylline (0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5 mM, or 10 mM). After 18 hours of in vitro fertilization, some of the oocytes or presumptive zygotes were fixed and stained to assess fertilization, while the others were cultured for 7 days to assess their developmental capacity in vitro. The results showed that theophylline enhanced the penetration rate of spermatozoa into buffalo oocytes. Supplementation of BO medium with theophylline also increased the normal fertilization rate. In subsequent embryo culture, theophylline increased the formation of 8-cell embryo, morula, and blastocyst rate in buffalo. The cleavage rate did not differ significantly between groups. The morula and blastocyst formation percentages were higher in the groups treated with 2.5 mM theophylline than in the control groups. In conclusion, theophylline improves in vitro fertilization rate and embryo production in buffaloes.
A sugilite-type double 6-membered ring (D6MR) silicate, Fe2Na2KLi3Si12O30 could be obtained for the first time under mild hydrothermal conditions. Impedance spectra revealed a bulk conductivity of ...1.2 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 923 K. Hopping pathways of Li+ and Na+ were indicated in difference Fourier (ΔF) maps parallel to the D6MRs network using neutron powder diffraction at 298–1123 K. The current study presents a promising prototype for combined 2-dimensional Li+/Na+-ionic conductors with crystal-chemical flexibility and thermally high stability.
A 2D network of pathways for conducting Li+ in Fe2Na2KLi3Si12O30 Display omitted
•Combined Li+/Na+ ionic conductivity in Fe2Na2KLi3Si12O30.•Hydrothermal synthesis of Fe-rich sugilite counterpart at 503 K.•2D conducting pathways for Li+/Na+ are explained by neutron powder diffraction.•Impedance spectroscopic investigation.
This paper portrays the role of Motivation in the department of English students of Bangladesh University of professionals in learning the English language. It deals with how it works for EFL ...learning in conjunction with the influence of two types of motivations in EFL learning. The studys objectives are set based on the two types of motivations. First, the survey method has been employed to collect data. After collecting data, it has been analyzed and based on the findings, the researcher gives some recommendations.
In folk medicine, Polyalthia suberosa is used as abortifacient, laxative, febrifuge analgesic, filler of tooth cavities, and anti-HIV drug and for rheumatism and various skin infections. The present ...study was directed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of diethyl ether and n-hexane extracts of Polyalthia suberosa leaves (PSDE and PSNH). A variety of tests including formalin-induced paw licking test, acetic acid induced writhing test, and tail immersion test were used to assess the analgesic activity. In addition, xylene-induced ear edema test was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of PSDE and PSNH. PSDE and PSNH at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses expressed analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activities in mice. In formalin-induced paw licking test, acetic acid induced writhing test, and xylene-induced ear edema test, the extracts exhibited significant inhibition (P⁎<0.05 versus control) of pain and inflammation. Alternatively, in tail immersion test, PSDE 400 mg/kg showed significant (P⁎<0.05 versus control) latency at 30 min but another tested sample had no significant latency. From this study, it could be shown that Polyalthia suberosa leaves may contain analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents which support its use in traditional medicine.
Introduction. Microcos paniculata is traditionally used for treating diarrhea, wounds, cold, fever, hepatitis, dyspepsia, and heat stroke. Objective. To investigate the qualitative phytochemical ...constituents of hydromethanol (HMPB) and petroleum benzene extract of Microcos paniculata barks (PBMPB) and to evaluate their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. Methods. Phytochemical constituents and antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities were determined and evaluated by different tests such as Molisch’s, Fehling’s, Mayer’s, Wagner’s, Dragendorff’s, frothing, FeCl3, alkali, Pew’s, and Salkowski’s test, general test of glycosides, Baljet and NH4OH test, formalin-induced paw licking, acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, and hot plate tests, and castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrheal tests. Results. These extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids and significantly ( P ⁎ < 0.05 , versus control) reduced paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. At 30 min after their administration, PBMPB revealed significant increase in latency ( P ⁎ < 0.05 , versus control) in tail immersion test. In hot plate test, HMPB and PBMPB 200 mg/kg showed significant increase in response latency ( P ⁎ < 0.05 , versus control) at 30 min after their administration. Moreover, both extracts significantly ( P ⁎ < 0.05 , versus control) inhibited percentage of diarrhea in antidiarrheal models. Conclusion. Study results indicate that M. paniculata may provide a source of plant compounds with antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.
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