► A UHPLC-PDA-Fluo method able to analyse polyphenols of fruit juices in 28-min. ► 70 of main polyphenols of fruits can be determined in a unique and simple analysis. ► Polyphenols of fruit juices ...are quantified as total individual polyphenols (TIP). ► Method is useful for authentication analyses and for labelling total polyphenols. ► Good correlation of UHPLC-PDA-Fluo and Folin-Ciacalteu methods for quantification.
The present work proposes a new UHPLC-PDA-fluorescence method able to identify and quantify the main polyphenols present in commercial fruit juices in a 28-min chromatogram. The proposed method improve the IFU method No. 71 used to evaluate anthocyanins profiles of fruit juices. Fruit juices of strawberry, American cranberry, bilberry, sour cherry, black grape, orange, and apple, were analysed identifying 70 of their main polyphenols (23 anthocyanins, 15 flavonols, 6 hydroxybenzoic acids, 14 hydroxycinnamic acids, 4 flavanones, 2 dihydrochalcones, 4 flavan-3-ols and 2 stilbenes). One standard polyphenol of each group was used to calculate individual polyphenol concentration presents in a juice. Total amount of polyphenols in a fruit juice was estimated as total individual polyphenols (TIP). A good correlation (r2=0.966) was observed between calculated TIP, and total polyphenols (TP) determined by the well-known colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu method. In this work, the higher TIP value corresponded to bilberry juice (607.324mg/100mL fruit juice) and the lower to orange juice (32.638mg/100mL fruit juice). This method is useful for authentication analyses and for labelling total polyphenols contents of commercial fruit juices.
Changes in sleep and circadian function are leading candidate markers for the detection of relapse in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Consumer-grade wearable devices may enable remote and real-time ...examination of dynamic changes in sleep. Fitbit data from individuals with recurrent MDD were used to describe the longitudinal effects of sleep duration, quality, and regularity on subsequent depression relapse and severity.
Data were collected as part of a longitudinal observational mobile Health (mHealth) cohort study in people with recurrent MDD. Participants wore a Fitbit device and completed regular outcome assessments via email for a median follow-up of 541 days. We used multivariable regression models to test the effects of sleep features on depression outcomes. We considered respondents with at least one assessment of relapse (n = 218) or at least one assessment of depression severity (n = 393).
Increased intra-individual variability in total sleep time, greater sleep fragmentation, lower sleep efficiency, and more variable sleep midpoints were associated with worse depression outcomes. Adjusted Population Attributable Fractions suggested that an intervention to increase sleep consistency in adults with MDD could reduce the population risk for depression relapse by up to 22 %.
Limitations include a potentially underpowered primary outcome due to the smaller number of relapses identified than expected.
Our study demonstrates a role for consumer-grade activity trackers in estimating relapse risk and depression severity in people with recurrent MDD. Variability in sleep duration and midpoint may be useful targets for stratified interventions.
•High intraindividual variability in sleep parameters is associated with worse depression outcomes over time.•An intervention targeting sleep consistency in MDD could reduce the risk of relapse by up to 20 %.•Wearable technologies can collect information that is useful for predicting depression outcomes.
Opuntia stricta fruit juice is a potential source of betacyanin pigments which can be used as a natural red-purple food colorant. In this work a powder food colorant was obtained by co-current spray ...drying of
O. stricta fruit juices with a bench-scale two fluid nozzle spray dryer. Glucose syrup (DE 29) was used as drying aid. Optimum conditions for spray drying were as follow: juice content (20% v/v; 1.2 °Brix), glucose syrup content (10% w/v), liquid feed rate (0.72 l/h), spray air flow-rate (0.47 m
3/h), drying air flow-rate (36 m
3/h), and inlet drying air temperature 160
°C. Color was retained during the drying process (>98%) and drying yield was high (58%). The powder colorant showed high color strength (4.0), being this color strength stable when stored at room temperature for one month. This colorant was successfully applied in two food model systems: a yogurt and a soft-drink. Food presented a vivid red-purple tonality very attractive for consumers that was maintained after one month under refrigeration (4
°C) (Δ
E
<
5).
Context.
For years, the standard procedure to measure radial velocities (RVs) of spectral observations consisted in cross-correlating the spectra with a binary mask, that is, a simple stellar ...template that contains information on the position and strength of stellar absorption lines. The cross-correlation function (CCF) profiles also provide several indicators of stellar activity.
Aims.
We present a methodology to first build weighted binary masks and, second, to compute the CCF of spectral observations with these masks from which we derive radial velocities and activity indicators. These methods are implemented in a python code that is publicly available.
Methods.
To build the masks, we selected a large number of sharp absorption lines based on the profile of the minima present in high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectrum templates built from observations of reference stars. We computed the CCFs of observed spectra and derived RVs and the following three standard activity indicators: full-width-at-half-maximum as well as contrast and bisector inverse slope.
Results.
We applied our methodology to CARMENES high-resolution spectra and obtain RV and activity indicator time series of more than 300 M dwarf stars observed for the main CARMENES survey. Compared with the standard CARMENES template matching pipeline, in general we obtain more precise RVs in the cases where the template used in the standard pipeline did not have enough S/N. We also show the behaviour of the three activity indicators for the active star YZ CMi and estimate the absolute RV of the M dwarfs analysed using the CCF RVs.
ABSTRACT
We present the first release of GTC OSIRIS broad-band data archive. This is an effort conducted in the framework of the Spanish Virtual Observatory to help optimize science from the Gran ...Telescopio Canarias Archive. Data Release 1 includes 6788 broad-band images in the Sloan griz filters obtained between 2009 April and 2014 January and the associated catalogue with roughly 6.23 million detections of more than 630 000 unique sources. The catalogue contains standard PSF and Kron aperture photometry with a mean accuracy better than 0.09 and 0.15 mag, respectively. The relative astrometric residuals are always better than 30 mas and better than 15 mas in most cases. The absolute astrometric uncertainty of the catalogue is of 0.12 arcsec. In this paper we describe the procedure followed to build the image archive and the associated catalogue, as well as the quality tests carried out for validation. To illustrate some of the scientific potential of the catalogue, we also provide two examples of its scientific exploitation: discovery and identification of asteroids and cool dwarfs.
Context. For years, the standard procedure to measure radial velocities (RVs) of spectral observations consisted in cross-correlating the spectra with a binary mask, that is, a simple stellar ...template that contains information on the position and strength of stellar absorption lines. The cross-correlation function (CCF) profiles also provide several indicators of stellar activity. Aims. We present a methodology to first build weighted binary masks and, second, to compute the CCF of spectral observations with these masks from which we derive radial velocities and activity indicators. These methods are implemented in a python code that is publicly available. Methods. To build the masks, we selected a large number of sharp absorption lines based on the profile of the minima present in high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectrum templates built from observations of reference stars. We computed the CCFs of observed spectra and derived RVs and the following three standard activity indicators: full-width-at-half-maximum as well as contrast and bisector inverse slope. Results. We applied our methodology to CARMENES high-resolution spectra and obtain RV and activity indicator time series of more than 300 M dwarf stars observed for the main CARMENES survey. Compared with the standard CARMENES template matching pipeline, in general we obtain more precise RVs in the cases where the template used in the standard pipeline did not have enough S/N. We also show the behaviour of the three activity indicators for the active star YZ CMi and estimate the absolute RV of the M dwarfs analysed using the CCF RVs.
The colorant properties of pigments from Opuntia stricta, Opuntia undulata, and Opuntia ficus-indica fruits were studied. The pigments were extracted with different solvents and identified by ...high-performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of their visible light spectra, the pigments were identified as betalains. In O. undulata and O. ficus-indica fruits, both betacyanins and betaxantins were identified, while in O. stricta fruits only betacyanins (betanin and isobetanin) were detected. O. stricta fruits showed the highest betacyanin content (80 mg/100 g fresh fruit). The thermal stability of the pigment extracts was dependent on the pH, with the maximum stability being at pH 5, as expected for betacyanins. At this value and a storage temperature of 4 °C, a deactivation half-life time of more than 1 year, with no added stabilizers, was determined. According to these studies, cactus pears from O. stricta may well be considered as a potential source of natural red colorants. Keywords: Opuntia; betalains; betacyanins; color stability; food colorants
The observation of blank fields, regions of the sky devoid of stars down to a given threshold magnitude, constitutes one of the typical important calibration procedures required for the proper ...reduction of astronomical data obtained in imaging mode. This work describes a method, based on the use of the Delaunay triangulation on the surface of a sphere, that allows for easy generation of blank-field catalogues. In addition to that, a new tool named tesela, accessible through the Internet, has been created to facilitate the user to retrieve, and visualize using the Virtual Observatory tool aladin, the blank fields available near a given position in the sky.
ABSTRACT
The observation of blank fields, defined as regions of the sky that are devoid of stars down to a given threshold magnitude, constitutes one of the most relevant calibration procedures ...required for the proper reduction of astronomical data obtained following typical observing strategies. In this work, we have used Delaunay triangulation to search for deep blank fields throughout the whole sky, with a minimum size of 10 arcmin in diameter and an increasing threshold magnitude from 15 to 18 in the R band of the USNO‐B Catalog of the United States Naval Observatory. The result is a catalogue with the deepest blank fields known so far. A short sample of these regions has been tested with the 10.4‐m Gran Telescopio Canarias, and it has been shown to be extremely useful for medium‐ and large‐sized telescopes. Because some of the regions found could also be suitable for new extragalactic studies, we have estimated the galactic extinction in the direction of each deep blank field. This catalogue is accessible through the virtual observatory tool TESELA, and the user can retrieve – and visualize using aladin – the deep blank fields available near a given position in the sky.
In an effort to simultaneously study the gas and dust components of the disc surrounding the young Herbig Ae star HD 169142, we present far-IR observations obtained with the PACS instrument onboard ...the Herschel Space Observatory. This work is part of the open time key program GASPS, which is aimed at studying the evolution of protoplanetary discs. To constrain the gas properties in the outer disc, we observed the star at several key gas-lines, including OI 63.2 and 145.5 μm, CII 157.7 μm, CO 72.8 and 90.2 μm, and o-H2O 78.7 and 179.5 μm. We only detect the OI 63.2 μm line in our spectra, and derive upper limits for the other lines. We complement our data set with PACS photometry and 12/13CO data obtained with the Submillimeter Array. Furthermore, we derive accurate stellar parameters from optical spectra and UV to mm photometry. We model the dust continuum with the 3D radiative transfer code MCFOST and use this model as an input to analyse the gas lines with the thermo-chemical code ProDiMo. Our dataset is consistent with a simple model in which the gas and dust are well-mixed in a disc with a continuous structure between 20 and 200 AU, but this is not a unique solution. Our modelling effort allows us to constrain the gas-to-dust mass ratio as well as the relative abundance of the PAHs in the disc by simultaneously fitting the lines of several species that originate in different regions. Our results are inconsistent with a gas-poor disc with a large UV excess; a gas mass of 5.0 ± 2.0 × 10-3 $M_{\odot}$ is still present in this disc, in agreement with earlier CO observations.
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