Hexagonal ferrites are very well known materials used for electromagnetic radiation absorption for last many years. However, nano-hexagonal ferrites have recently caught the interest of many ...researchers worldwide. During this investigation, BaFe
12
O
19
(BF) and BaCo
0.5
Zn
0.25
Fe
11.25
O
19
nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using sol–gel auto-combustion method. Characterization of NPs was done by using x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD pattern of these particles confirms the growth of M-type ferrites without any other impurity phase. Their crystal size was calculated from the diffraction peaks by using Debye Scherrer’s formula and found in the range of 22.1 and 30.3 nm. The SEM also confirmed the spherical morphology of these particles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) further confirmed the presence of nano-crystallites, which were agglomerated, may be, due to magnetic exchange interaction among themselves. The magnetic behavior of the synthesized NPs was studied by using vibrating sample magnetometer under an applied magnetic field of ± 5 Tesla. The M/H curve revealed an increase in saturation magnetization (
M
s
), remanent (
M
r
), and coercivity (
H
c
) by co-doping of (Co
2+
and Zn
2+
) cations in barium ferrite (BF). The complex permittivity and permeability were measured by using vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. An increase in the value of permittivity and permeability was observed by co-doping of (Co
2+
and Zn
2+
) in BF. Finally it was also observed that absorption in effective bandwidth (≥ 10 dB) increased from 2.76 to 3.60 GHz at the coating thickness of 1.8 mm.
Hesperidin, as a flavonone, is recognized as promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. Its poor bioavailability is crucial bottleneck for therapeutic efficacy. To enhance the ...stability and bioactive potentials, hesperidin -PLGA-Poloxamer 407 was successfully prepared to minimize or overcome problems associated with hesperidin absorption. The characteristics of nanohesperidin were testing by in vitro dissolution study, XRD, FTIR, PSA and SEM. Antioxidant effects of nanohesperidin were studied. The structure-activity relationship analysis with antioxidant pharmacophore has been performed by using density functional theory method and quantum chemical calculations. The structural properties were investigated using Becke three-parameter hybrid exchange and the Lee-Yang-Parr correction functional methods. Nanohesperidin was found to decrease the H
2
O
2
activity-induced DNA instability. Blood compatibility on human erythrocytes was confirmed by haemolytic and in vitro toxicity assessments. The in vitro anticancer activity of nanohesperidin towards MCF-7 cells using various parameters was carried out. The nanohesperidin was found to exert cell growth arrest, activated DNA fragmentation and induced apoptotic cell death through caspase-3 and p53-dependent pathways. These findings showed that nanohesperidin play an important role in its anticancer effects, suggesting might be used for clinical trials and can represent driving formulation for novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Poor sleep quality is associated with adverse health consequences. Sleep disturbances can impact the immune function and process of inflammation. The relationship between sleep quality and the ...inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been well studied.
A prospective observational cohort study was performed to assess the correlation of the quality of sleep and disease activity in IBD. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality. IBD disease activity was measured by using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index or Modified Mayo Score.
Forty-one patients were enrolled with mean age of 37 ± 15.4 years and 27 (66%) women. Abnormal PSQI was present in all 23 (100%) of the clinically active patients and in 13 (72%) of those with inactive disease (odds ratio = 2.8, P = 0.007). All 30 patients with histologic evidence of inflammation on recent ileocolonoscopy also had abnormal PSQI scores, which were independent of their clinical disease activity status. Only 6 of 11 patients with histologically quiescent disease had abnormal PSQI scores (odds ratio = 6.0, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in disease type, use of steroids, the presence of depression or anxiety, and body mass index between the patients with normal and abnormal sleep. An abnormal PSQI had a positive predictive value for histologic inflammatory activity of 83%.
Our data show a strong association between clinically active IBD and poor sleep quality and demonstrate that patients in clinical remission with abnormal sleep have a high likelihood of subclinical disease activity.
Cyclophosphamide is an anticancer drug with a wide spectrum of clinical uses, but its typical side effects are multiple complications, including nephron toxicity. The possible molecular mechanism of ...the nephroprotective action of sesamin (SM) against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced renal toxicity was investigated in rats by understanding oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. In this study, rats were arbitrarily grouped into the following four groups: a normal control group (CNT); a CP-induced toxicity group; a treatment group with two doses of sesamin SM10 and SM20; a group with sesamin (SM20) alone. A single dose of CP (150 mg/kg body, i.p.) was administered on day 4 of the experiments, while treatment with SM was given orally for seven days from day 1. The group treated with SM showed a significant protective effect against CP-induced renal damage in rats. Treatment with SM significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, and SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Thus, SM significantly overcame the elevated kidney function markers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid) by attenuating oxidative stress. The SM also significantly reduced the elevated cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and caspase-3 in the treated group. Histopathological studies confirmed the protective effect of sesamin (SM) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, the current findings support the nephroprotective effect of sesamin against CP-induced renal injury.
Modern technology has pushed us into the information age, making it easier to generate and record vast quantities of new data. Datasets can help in analyzing the situation to give a better ...understanding, and more importantly, decision making. Consequently, datasets, and uses to which they can be put, have become increasingly valuable commodities. This article describes the DroneRF dataset: a radio frequency (RF) based dataset of drones functioning in different modes, including off, on and connected, hovering, flying, and video recording. The dataset contains recordings of RF activities, composed of 227 recorded segments collected from 3 different drones, as well as recordings of background RF activities with no drones. The data has been collected by RF receivers that intercepts the drone's communications with the flight control module. The receivers are connected to two laptops, via PCIe cables, that runs a program responsible for fetching, processing and storing the sensed RF data in a database. An example of how this dataset can be interpreted and used can be found in the related research article “RF-based drone detection and identification using deep learning approaches: an initiative towards a large open source drone database” (Al-Sa'd et al., 2019).
Metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity assessment Schrand, Amanda M.; Rahman, Mohammad F.; Hussain, Saber M. ...
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology,
09/2010, Volume:
2, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Nanoparticles (NPs) can potentially cause adverse effects on organ, tissue, cellular, subcellular, and protein levels due to their unusual physicochemical properties (e.g., small size, high surface ...area to volume ratio, chemical composition, crystallinity, electronic properties, surface structure reactivity and functional groups, inorganic or organic coatings, solubility, shape, and aggregation behavior). Metal NPs, in particular, have received increasing interest due to their widespread medical, consumer, industrial, and military applications. However, as particle size decreases, some metal‐based NPs are showing increased toxicity, even if the same material is relatively inert in its bulk form (e.g., Ag, Au, and Cu). NPs also interact with proteins and enzymes within mammalian cells and they can interfere with the antioxidant defense mechanism leading to reactive oxygen species generation, the initiation of an inflammatory response and perturbation and destruction of the mitochondria causing apoptosis or necrosis. As a result, there are many challenges to overcome before we can determine if the benefits outweigh the risks associated with NPs. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 544–568
This article is categorized under:
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Abstract
Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common emergency among the pediatric population. They usually pass spontaneously through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In rare cases, it may cause ...complications because of the impaction. That depends on the type of an FB, its location, the patient’s age and the duration of impaction. Colonoscopy as management of FB ingestion in the ileocecal valve (IC) is rare in the medical literature review. Herein, we reported a case of an FB (thin needle-shaped FB 4 cm long) in the IC that was removed from the IC by colonoscopy. Although colonoscopic retrieval of impacted foreign bodies at the GI tract in children has been rarely reported in the literature review, it may be helpful in young children to avoid invasive surgical treatment.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to evaluate growth kinetics and PHB ...production in
RZS4 and
sp. RZS1 with these carbon substrates and to study the biodegradation of PHB accumulated by these cultures.
RZS4 and
sp. RZS1 accumulates higher amounts of PHB corn (79.90% of dry cell mass) and rice straw (66.22% of dry cell mass) medium respectively. The kinetic model suggests that the
sp. RZS1 follows the Monod model more closely than
RZS4. Both the cultures degrade their PHB extract under the influence of PHB depolymerase. Corn waste and rice straw appear as the best and cost-effective substrates for the sustainable production of PHB from
RZS4 and
sp. RZS1. The biopolymer accumulated by these organisms is biodegradable in nature. The agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils are good and low-cost sources of nutrients for the growth and production of PHB and other metabolites. Their use would lower the production cost of PHB and the low-cost production will reduce the sailing price of PHB-based products. This would promote the large-scale commercialization and popularization of PHB as an ecofriendly bioplastic/biopolymer.
•Submicron (400–500 nm) ZSM-5 and BEA zeolites demonstrated significant catalytic cracking activity in the absence and presence of steam.•In the absence of steam, BEA zeolite showed less favour ...towards hydrogen transfer produced higher yield of olefins but more dry gas.•In the steam-assisted catalytic cracking, ZSM-5 pore-shape structure gave the catalyst preferential selectivity towards monomolecular cracking leading to higher olefin yields.
In this study, steam catalytic cracking of dodecane (a model representative of naphtha) was investigated both with and without steam. The reaction utilized the different 3D sinusoidal microporous channels in submicron ZSM-5 and BEA zeolite crystals to convert dodecane to light olefins. Although both synthesized submicron catalysts (400–500 nm) have similar Brønsted/Lewis acid ratios, the BEA zeolite exhibited higher surface acidity than ZSM-5 zeolite. In addition, the steam addition has significantly affected the zeolites structure, even though their cracking activity was not affected. However, the zeolites structural modification has shown significant effect on the pore shape selectivity which result in different light olefins yields. During catalytic cracking in the absence of steam, hydrogen transfer reaction was less favored over BEA zeolite, which result in higher light olefins selectivity and dry gas formation than with ZSM-5 zeolite. In the presence of steam, ZSM-5 pore-shape modification favored the monomolecular cracking pathway leading to achieving higher light olefin yield than that observed over BEA zeolite. The study demonstrated that ethylene/propylene ratio (E/P) is impacted by zeolite structure which is affected by the steam addition during the reaction.
Cytarabine, an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent, has been utilized to treat various cancers. However, because of its short half-life, low stability, and limited bioavailability, achieving an ...optimal plasma concentration requires continuous intravenous administration, which can lead to toxicity in normal cells and tissues. Addressing these limitations is crucial to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of cytarabine while minimizing its adverse effects. The use of novel drug delivery systems, such as polymer-based nanocarriers have emerged as promising vehicles for targeted drug delivery due to their unique properties, including high stability, biocompatibility, and tunable release kinetics. In this review, we examine the application of various polymer-based nanocarriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, polymer-drug conjugates, and nano-hydrogels, for the delivery of cytarabine. The article highlights the limitations of conventional cytarabine administration which often lead to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and systemic toxicity. The rationale for using polymer-based nanocarriers is discussed, highlighting their ability to overcome challenges by providing controlled drug release, improved stability, and enhanced targeting capabilities. In summary, this review offers a valuable resource for drug delivery scientists by providing insights into the design principles, formulation strategies, and potential applications of polymer-based nanocarriers that can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cytarabine.
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