Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer in children and one of the most common and deadly cancers that affect adults. Several metal oxide nanoparticles, biopolymers, and phytochemicals have been ...discovered to target cancer cells selectively while inflicting low to no damage to healthy cells. Among the existing nanoparticle synthesis methodologies, biologically synthesized nanoparticles using phytochemicals have emerged as a straightforward, economical, and environmentally sound strategy. The synergistic antitumor potential of ZnO-TiOsub.2-chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites (NCs) against leukemia MOLT-4 cells was investigated in the current study. After synthesizing the NCs, characterization of the same was carried out using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. To analyze its anticancer activity, MOLT-4 cells were cultured and treated at diverse dosages of NCs. The cell viability upon treatment was examined by MTT assay. The morphological and nuclear modifications were observed by dual staining. ROS and MMP levels were observed by DCFH-DA staining and Rh-123 dye, respectively. Furthermore, the caspase 3, 8, and 9 levels were examined by performing ELISA. The XRD patterns exhibited a hexagonal structure of the NCs. In the DLS spectrum, the hydrodynamic diameter of the NCs was observed to be 126.2nm. The electrostatic interface between the ZnO-TiOsub.2-chitosan-farnesol NCs was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. A significant loss of cell viability in a dosage-dependent trend confirmed the cytotoxic effect of the NCs. An elevated ROS level and MMP depletion suggested apoptosis-associated cell death via the intrinsic pathway, which was confirmed by elevated expressions of caspase 3, 8, and 9 markers. Thus, the results showed that the synthesized NCs demonstrated a remarkable anticancer potential against leukemic cells and can be potentially valuable in cancer treatments. The findings from this study conclude that this is a new approach for modifying the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO-TiOsub.2-chitosan-farnesol composites to increase their properties and synergistically exhibit anticancer properties in human leukemic cancer cells.
The main aim of this study was to synthesize copper oxide- (CuO-) titanium oxide- (TiOsub.2-) chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites (CTCANc) and to characterize them physically and biologically ...(antimicrobial and anticancer activity using MOLT4 blood cancer cell line) to endorse their useful applications as potential drug candidates in anticancer avenues. CuO-TiOsub.2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites were synthesized according to standard, reported methods. Physical characterization of the nanocomposites was performed using methods like X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and morphological and ultrastructural analysis of nanocomposites were done using electron microscope scanning and transmission. FTIR was recorded using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were done using the spectrometer. Further, antibacterial activities were assessed using standard bacterial cultures. To demonstrate the nanocomposite's anticancer effects, MTT assay, morphological analysis, apoptosis studies using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and levels of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed using the MOLT4 blood cancer cell line. Synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using XRD and showed various peaks, respectively, for CuO-TiOsub.2, amygdalin, and chitosan. MTT assay indicated an ICsub.50 value of 38.41μ g/ml concentration of CTCANc. Hence, 30 and 40μ g/ml were used for the subsequent experiments. Morphological analysis, staining for apoptosis using AO/EtBr, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP or Δ Ψ m) analysis, ROS analysis, and determination of the SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH levels were performed. Observations like a significant loss of morphology, induction of apoptosis, elevated ROS, and decreased MMP were significant in 30 and 40μ g/ml nanocomposite-treated cells when compared to control cells. The bimetallic nanocomposites exhibited typical nanocomposites characteristics and significant antibacterial and anticancer effects. The study results endorse the antibacterial, anticancer activity of CuO-TiOsub.2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites and strongly suggest that further in-depth research using CuO-TiOsub.2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites could reveal their efficacy in the clinical scenario.
In this study, cells from human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (K562) were cultivated with CuO-TiOsub.2-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites. We examined nanocomposites using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, ...EDAX, and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as MTT for cytotoxicity, and AO/EtBr for apoptotic morphology assessment. The rate of apoptosis and cell cycle arrests was determined using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also employed to identify pro- and antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2, Bad, Bax, P53, and Cyt C. The FTIR spectrum revealed that the CuO-TiOsub.2-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites were electrostatically interlocked. The nanocomposites' XRD signals revealed a hexagonal shape. In the DLS spectrum, nanocomposites were found to have a hydrodynamic diameter. As a result of their cytotoxic action, nanocomposites displayed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. The nanocomposites, like Doxorubicin, caused cell cycle phase arrest in K562 cells. After treatment with ICsub.50 concentrations of CuO-TiOsub.2-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites and Doxorubicin, a substantial percentage of cells were in G2/M stage arrest. Caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Bax, Bad, Cyt C, and P53 expression were considerably enhanced in K562 cells, whereas Bcl2 expression was decreased, indicating that these cells may have therapeutic potential against human blood cancer/leukemia-derived disorders. As a result, the nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding anticancer potential against leukemic cells. CuO-TiOsub.2-Chitosan-Berbamine, according to our findings.
The conventional interferon therapy of hepatitis C virus has been substituted substantially with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir due to constraints in efficacy and tolerability. This study aimed ...diagnostically to monitor the effectiveness and side effects of direct-acting antivirals in the management of HCV infections.
This prospective study was conducted on HCV-infected patients treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir. Different serological, biochemical, hematological, and molecular techniques were used for the assessment of patients. Only treatment-naive patients aged ≥ 18 to 75 years received 12 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoint was a sustained virologic response with undetectable HCV RNA in the patients' serum at the end of the treatment.
We identified 229 cases of confirmed HCV infections by PCR, 94.3% of which had genotype 3. The study population comprised 66% females and 34% males with a median age of 42.2 ± 10.6 SD. Ninety-three percent of the patients accomplished SVR at week 12. The combined therapy of SOF/DAC achieved the highest efficacy rate (92.6%) among the different HCV genotype 3 patients. A statistically significant relationship was observed between low baseline viral load (p < 0.001; 95% CI = 1.2-3.1) and HCV genotype 3 with minor side effects, including lethargy, headache, nausea, insomnia, diarrhea, and fever.
HCV-infected patients can be treated well with an interferon-free SOF/DAC regimen, tolerated with generally mild adverse effects with a higher SVR.
In this study, cells from human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (K562) were cultivated with CuO-TiO
-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites. We examined nanocomposites using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, EDAX, ...and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as MTT for cytotoxicity, and AO/EtBr for apoptotic morphology assessment. The rate of apoptosis and cell cycle arrests was determined using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also employed to identify pro- and antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2, Bad, Bax, P53, and Cyt C. The FTIR spectrum revealed that the CuO-TiO
-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites were electrostatically interlocked. The nanocomposites' XRD signals revealed a hexagonal shape. In the DLS spectrum, nanocomposites were found to have a hydrodynamic diameter. As a result of their cytotoxic action, nanocomposites displayed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. The nanocomposites, like Doxorubicin, caused cell cycle phase arrest in K562 cells. After treatment with IC
concentrations of CuO-TiO
-Chitosan-Berbamine nanocomposites and Doxorubicin, a substantial percentage of cells were in G2/M stage arrest. Caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Bax, Bad, Cyt C, and P53 expression were considerably enhanced in K562 cells, whereas Bcl2 expression was decreased, indicating that these cells may have therapeutic potential against human blood cancer/leukemia-derived disorders. As a result, the nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding anticancer potential against leukemic cells. CuO-TiO
-Chitosan-Berbamine, according to our findings.
Osteoblasts play an important role in bone regeneration and repair. The hypoxia condition in bone occurs when bone undergoes fracture, and this will trigger a series of biochemical and mechanical ...changes to enable bone repair. Hence, it is interesting to observe the metabolites and metabolism changes when osteoblasts are exposed to hypoxic condition. This study has looked into the response of human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions by observing the cell growth and utilization of metabolites via Phenotype MicroArrays™ under these two different oxygen concentrations. The cell growth of hFOB 1.19 under hypoxic condition showed better growth compared to hFOB 1.19 under normal condition. In this study, osteoblast used glycolysis as the main pathway to produce energy as hFOB 1.19 in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions showed cell growth in well containing dextrin, glycogen, maltotriose, D-maltose, D-glucose-6-phospate, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-Turanose, D-fructose-6-phosphate, D-galactose, uridine, adenosine, inosine and α-keto-glutaric acid. In hypoxia, the cells have utilized additional metabolites such as α-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-fructose, indicating possible activation of glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis to metabolize α-D-glucose-1-phosphate. Meanwhile, during normoxia, D-L-α-glycerol phosphate was used, and this implies that the osteoblast may use glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glycerol-3-phosphate.
The southern part of Saudi Arabia has an ethnically diverse population where sickle-cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is common, but little is known about its βs haplotypes. The goal of the current ...study is to ascertain the prevalence of the Hb S gene with analysis of Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ haplotype among the Saudi population in the Jazan area. Initially recorded findings of (1) Hb S gene and (2) hematological parameters with Hb F levels were collected from 5990 participants. Then, the second series of 70 different patients with established sickling disease and 30 healthy individuals as a control group was recruited, in which the genotype of Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ-SNP was performed by PCR-RFLP. In the first series, the prevalence of Hb types was AA at 86.8% (N = 5198), AS at 12.4% (N = 745), and SS at 0.8% (N = 47). Of the second series, three patients (4.3%) were (±) Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ and 67 (95.7%) were (−/−) in Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ. In the controls, the (±) Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ was observed in only one individual (3.3%), aged 30. These findings possibly represent a new Saudi haplotype, ± Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ. Our results demonstrate that most patients with SCD in Jazan have −/− Xmn1 with higher levels of Hb F and positive Xmn1 ′5 to Gγ normally associated with a low level of Hb F.
An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seeds was utilized to green synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiOsub.2 NPs). UV-Visible, DLS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, SAED, EDAX, and photoluminescence ...spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the prepared TiOsub.2 nanoparticles. The rutile crystal structure of TiOsub.2 NPs was revealed by XRD study. The TEM and FESEM images of the TiOsub.2 NPs revealed an average particle size of 50–100 nm. We employed EDAX to investigate the elemental compositions of TiOsub.2 NPs. The O-Ti-O stretching bands appeared in the FTIR spectrum of TiOsub.2 NPs at wavenumbers of 495 cmsup.−1 . The absorption edge peaks of TiOsub.2 NPs were found in the UV-vis spectra at 397 nm. The MTT study revealed that TiOsub.2 NPs effectively inhibited the growth of liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. The results of the corresponding fluorescent staining assays showed that TiOsub.2 NPs significantly increased ROS generation, decreased MMP, and induced apoptosis in both liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. TiOsub.2 nanoparticles lessened SOD, CAT, and GSH levels while augmenting MDA contents in Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. In both Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells treated with TiOsub.2 NPs, the Bax, CytC, p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9 expressions were remarkably augmented, while Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated TiOsub.2 NPs treatment considerably inhibited growth and triggered apoptosis in Hep3 and HepG2 cells.
To detect the relationship between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in patients of the Saudi population.
This cross-sectional study was carried out ...at Jouf University Saudi Arabia from September 2019 to August 2020 and comprised of 183 individuals (91 cases and 92 controls). The blood samples were drawn from the patients visiting two tertiary care settings of Al Jouf province. Biochemical analysis was conducted on various instruments, and serum TNF-α was measured by the ELISA method.
The levels of serum glucose fasting, lipid profile, HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) were raised significantly in cases of MetS than controls (p = 0.001). Serum TNF-α was significantly higher in patients (58.04 ± 15.44) than controls (48.81 ± 10.30). It was correlated with the BMI, blood HbA1c, serum fasting glucose (SFG) and serum high density lipoprotein (HDL). The weak positive correlation was found with BMI (r = 0.18; p = 0.01), serum glucose (r = 0.21; p = 0.007) and HbA1c (r = 0.14; p = 0.04), but found negative association with serum HDL (r = -0.18; p = 0.01).
The serum TNF-α was raised in metabolic syndrome patients than the healthy controls. It was positively associated with high BMI, serum fasting glucose, and HbA1c and found linked and negatively linked to low HDL levels in MetS patients in the Saudi population.
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