Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds contain an endogenous neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid, β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a major limiting factor-for their human ...consumption. Furthermore, phytate (IP6), a well-known antinutrient is present in concentration capable of hindering bioavailability of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and other micronutrients from the seeds. Due to the reported capability of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to reduce the content of certain antinutritional/toxic agents in seeds and grains, the impact of HHP on the reduction of β-ODAP and IP6 were investigated. The contents of β-ODAP of accessions from different regions in Ethiopia were found to be in the range of 51.94 to 806.52 mg/100 g. Accession (GF1- Alemu, AK) exhibiting the highest β-ODAP content was selected for HHP treatment in soaked and batter forms using Central Composite Face Centered Design of experiments. The best HHP conditions in respect to β-ODAP reduction were also applied to the accession (GP-240038) with the lowest β-ODAP-content, a genetically improved variety (Wassie) and a variety from Germany (GR). The HHP treatment at 600 MPa for 25 min of seeds soaked for 6 h and 12 h exhibited the maximum reduction of β-ODAP (232.11 mg/100 g) and IP6 (21.11 mg/100 g) respectively. The combined incremental effect of pressure and soaking time resulted in a more significant (p ≤ .001) reduction in both compounds than the interaction of pressure with holding time (p ≤ .05). A reduction of β-ODAP from 36.00 to 71.22% by soaked-HHP treatment was observed. β-ODAP reductions were always higher for soaked compared to batter grass pea seeds. IP6 contents after HHP treatment ranged from 33.65 mg/100 g to nill. It can be concluded that pressure, soaking and holding time as well as the grass pea seed accession/variety had great impact on molecular structure changes, enhancement of enzyme activity and reduction in β-ODAP and IP6 content.
Display omitted
•Substantial variations of β-ODAP contents perceived among accessions/varieties.•A complete phytate reduction is found by High Hydrostatic Pressure/HHP treatment.•Combining HHP with soaking is more effective in degrading β-ODAP and IP6.•After HHP, most accessions/varieties of grass pea are safe for human consumption.•HPP treatment improves the nutritional value of grass pea significantly.
Poultry meat is consumed worldwide and is prone to food fraud because of large price differences among meat from different poultry species. Precise and sensitive analytical methods are necessary to ...control poultry meat products. We chose species-specific sequences of the
gene to develop two multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) systems: one for chicken (
), guinea fowl (
), and pheasant (
), and one for quail (
) and turkey (
). For each species, added meat could be detected down to 0.5 %
. No cross reactions were seen. For these two real-time PCR systems, we applied three different quantification methods: (A) with relative standard curves, (B) with matrix-specific multiplication factors, and (C) with an internal DNA reference sequence to normalize and to control inhibition. All three quantification methods had reasonable recovery rates from 43% to 173%. Method B had more accepted recovery rates, i.e., in the range 70-130%, namely 83% compared to 75% for method A or C.
Tyrosine was identified as the major component of water insoluble white particles recovered from salted bovine small intestines intended for sausage casings. The salt sludge taken from the bottom of ...the transport casks contained more than 2.5% (w/w) of these particles and the wash-off from the salted intestines yielded 0.04% (w/w). Qualitative analysis by confocal Raman microscopy proved tyrosine as the major constituent with an admixture of phenylalanine. The quantitative amino acid analysis revealed 85.5 ± 2.3% tyrosine and 5.0 ± 0.2% phenylalanine. The amino acid analysis of the brine samples showed a typical protein profile with the highest concentrations being observed for glutamate, leucine, alanine, and lysine. Endogenous proteolytic enzymes of the tissue rather than microbial activities are thought to have been responsible for the tyrosine precipitations.
•Tyrosine precipitates from salted natural bovine casings.•Isolation and purification of tyrosine particles.•Quantitative analysis of tyrosine precipitate.•Microbiota.
Chemical safety of meat and meat products Andrée, Sabine; Jira, W.; Schwind, K.-H. ...
Meat science,
09/2010, Volume:
86, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Since the Second World War the consumer behaviour in developed countries changed drastically. Primarily there existed the demand for sufficient food after a period of starvation, afterwards the ...desire for higher quality was arising, whereas today most people ask for safe and healthy food with high quality. Therefore a united approach comprising consistent standards, sound science and robust controls is required to ensure consumers' health and to maintain consumers' confidence and satisfaction. Chemical analysis along the whole food chain downstream (tracking) from primary production to the consumer and upstream (tracing) from the consumer to primary production is an important prerequisite to ensure food safety and quality. In this frame the focus of the following paper is the “chemical safety of meat and meat products” taking into account inorganic as well as organic residues and contaminants, the use of nitrite in meat products, the incidence of veterinary drugs, as well as a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) system assessing (prioritizing) vulnerable food chain steps to decrease or eliminate vulnerability.
The adulteration of fresh turkey meat by the undeclared addition of protein hydrolysates is of interest for fraudsters due to the increase of the economic gain by substituting meat with low cost ...ingredients. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of three different analytical techniques such as GC-MS and 1H-NMR with HPLC-UV/VIS as a targeted method, for the detection of with protein hydrolysates adulterated turkey meat. For this, turkey breast muscles were treated with different plant- (e.g., wheat) and animal-based (e.g., gelatin, casein) protein hydrolysates with different hydrolyzation degrees (15–53%: partial; 100%: total), which were produced by enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis. A water- and a nontreated sample (REF) served as controls. The data analyses revealed that the hydrolysate-treated samples had significantly higher levels of amino acids (e.g., leucine, phenylalanine, lysine) compared with REF observed with all three techniques concordantly. Furthermore, the nontargeted metabolic profiling (GC-MS and NMR) showed that sugars (glucose, maltose) and/or by-products (build and released during acidic hydrolyses, e.g., levulinic acid) could be used for the differentiation between control and hydrolysates (type, degrees). The combination of amino acid profiling and additional compounds gives stronger evidence for the detection and classification of adulteration in turkey breast meat.
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds contain an endogenous neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid, β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a major limiting factor-for their human ...consumption. Furthermore, phytate (IP
), a well-known antinutrient is present in concentration capable of hindering bioavailability of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and other micronutrients from the seeds. Due to the reported capability of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to reduce the content of certain antinutritional/toxic agents in seeds and grains, the impact of HHP on the reduction of β-ODAP and IP
were investigated. The contents of β-ODAP of accessions from different regions in Ethiopia were found to be in the range of 51.94 to 806.52 mg/100 g. Accession (GF
- Alemu, AK) exhibiting the highest β-ODAP content was selected for HHP treatment in soaked and batter forms using Central Composite Face Centered Design of experiments. The best HHP conditions in respect to β-ODAP reduction were also applied to the accession (GP-240038) with the lowest β-ODAP-content, a genetically improved variety (Wassie) and a variety from Germany (GR). The HHP treatment at 600 MPa for 25 min of seeds soaked for 6 h and 12 h exhibited the maximum reduction of β-ODAP (232.11 mg/100 g) and IP
(21.11 mg/100 g) respectively. The combined incremental effect of pressure and soaking time resulted in a more significant (p ≤ .001) reduction in both compounds than the interaction of pressure with holding time (p ≤ .05). A reduction of β-ODAP from 36.00 to 71.22% by soaked-HHP treatment was observed. β-ODAP reductions were always higher for soaked compared to batter grass pea seeds. IP
contents after HHP treatment ranged from 33.65 mg/100 g to nill. It can be concluded that pressure, soaking and holding time as well as the grass pea seed accession/variety had great impact on molecular structure changes, enhancement of enzyme activity and reduction in β-ODAP and IP
content.
The adulteration of fresh turkey meat by the undeclared addition of protein hydrolysates is of interest for fraudsters due to the increase of the economic gain by substituting meat with low cost ...ingredients. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of three different analytical techniques such as GC-MS and .sup.1H-NMR with HPLC-UV/VIS as a targeted method, for the detection of with protein hydrolysates adulterated turkey meat. For this, turkey breast muscles were treated with different plant- (e.g., wheat) and animal-based (e.g., gelatin, casein) protein hydrolysates with different hydrolyzation degrees (15-53%: partial; 100%: total), which were produced by enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis. A water- and a nontreated sample (REF) served as controls. The data analyses revealed that the hydrolysate-treated samples had significantly higher levels of amino acids (e.g., leucine, phenylalanine, lysine) compared with REF observed with all three techniques concordantly. Furthermore, the nontargeted metabolic profiling (GC-MS and NMR) showed that sugars (glucose, maltose) and/or by-products (build and released during acidic hydrolyses, e.g., levulinic acid) could be used for the differentiation between control and hydrolysates (type, degrees). The combination of amino acid profiling and additional compounds gives stronger evidence for the detection and classification of adulteration in turkey breast meat.
Background
Apart from allergen avoidance, specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only causal treatment for pollen allergy diseases. Its efficacy and tolerability have been demonstrated in numerous ...studies on adults and children. There are fewer studies, however, evidencing a long-term treatment effect and the effect of treatment on patients’ quality of life (QoL).
Patients and methods
The aim of this prospective, noninterventional postmarketing surveillance (PMS) study was to document QoL with, and long-term effect of, an MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A)-adjuvanted allergoid involving four injections over 3 treatment years and 3 follow-up years. In the period from 2006–2012, 223 pollen-allergic individuals from 12 centers were evaluated annually. The patients completed standardized questionnaires on QoL for each pollen season. Symptoms documented in the QoL questionnaire were temporally aligned with data from regional pollen traps.
Results
Patients with allergy to pollen from early bloomers (birch, alder, hazel), as well as patients with grass/rye allergy, showed a continuous improvement in treatment effect over the 3 treatment years and a good carry-over effect in follow-up years 1–3.
Conclusion
Short-term MPL adjuvant therapy showed good efficacy at 3 years following treatment completion and is suited to the long-term improvement of patient QoL.
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