Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, XIX. yüzyıla girerken daha öncesinde kaybettiği birçok savaşın ardından güçsüz kalmış ve Batılı emperyal devletlerin hedefi haline gelmiştir. Bu hedefler doğrultusunda ...Osmanlıyı parçalamaya en uygun bölgelerden biri de Balkanlar olmuştur. Batılı devletlerin bölgeye müdahaleleri ve yine Avrupa kaynaklı milliyetçilik dalgaları Balkanların Osmanlı’dan kopmasını hızlandırmıştır. Bu kopuş sürecinde ise bölgedeki Osmanlı unsurları için hayat eskiden olduğu gibi olmayacaktır. Bölgedeki Osmanlı unsurlarından biri de Selçuklu döneminde buraya ilk göçlerini gerçekleştiren Sarı Saltık Baba’nın mirasçıları Bektaşilerdir. Balkanlar’da İslam’ın hoşgörü yüzü ve Türk kültürünün taşıyıcıları olan Bektaşiler, bu kopuş sürecinde bir yandan devlet nazarında yasaklılık hallerinin devam etmesi diğer yandan bölgedeki milliyetçi hareketler, Bektaşi tarikatı içinde de farklı tutumlara neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Balkanların Osmanlı Devleti’nden ayrılması sürecinde Bektaşilerin bölge için ne kadar önemli bir yapı oldukları ve bu sürece karşı Bektaşilerin tutumları bazı örnekler üzerinden ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
As the Ottoman Empire entered the 19th century, it was weakened after losing many wars and became the target of Western imperial states. In line with these objectives, one of the most suitable regions for the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire was the Balkans. The interventions of Western states in the region and the waves of nationalism originating from Europe accelerated the separation of the Balkans from the Ottoman Empire. In this process of rupture, life for the Ottoman constituents in the region will not be the same as it used to be. One of the Ottoman elements in the region is the Bektashis, the heirs of Sarı Saltık Baba, who first migrated here during the Seljuk period. In this process of rupture, the Bektashis, who were the face of tolerance of Islam and the carriers of Turkish culture in the Balkans, caused different attitudes within the Bektashi sect due to the continuation of their prohibition in the perception of the state on the one hand and the formation of nationalist movements in the region on the other. In this study, it will be tried to reveal how important the Bektashis were for the region in the process of the separation of the Balkans from the Ottoman Empire and the attitudes of the Bektashis towards this process through some examples.
Membrane fouling behaviors were investigated to different biogas sparging flows such as 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L biogas/min for anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR) treating synthetic ...wastewater in a laboratory-scale. For each different biogas flow rate, the membrane module of the same feature was used in the system and the effect of biogas sparging flow on fouling control was examined in the process. Surface area of the used membrane module was selected as 162.6 cm
2
. The sprarging biogas was supplied from the gas formed in reactor system. Treatment parameters were analyzed in the process of reactor operation. Also, a series of analysis, including soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, particle size distribution, and filtration resistances were performed by considering the membrane module. The AnSMBR accomplished COD removal efficiencies between 95 and 98%. Total organic carbon and sulfate concentration in permeate were found in the range of 25–56 and 90–200 mg/L, and 96–98 and 38–65% in removal percentage; respectively. TSS and VSS concentrations in permeate were less than 10 mg/L that means removal efficiencies of 98%. Methane production rate in the system was determined of 0.35 ± 0.08 LCH4/g COD removed. The results showed that differences between COD and TOC removals were negligible at different biogas sparging flows. The priority of biogas sparging flows in terms of providing high permeate fluxes were found to be 1.5 L biogas/min > 1.0 L biogas/min > 0.5 L biogas/min. The same order was found with the fluxes in terms of both SMP and EPS within cake formed on the fibers in membrane module. Studying results showed that biogas sparging flow increasing was found to effective on membrane fouling controls. It has been determined that sparging gas at an optimum flow rate (1.0 L biogas/min) can be effective in controlling membrane fouling.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) comprises ~1% to 4% of thrombocytopenia cases during pregnancy. Factors predicting neonatal thrombocytopenia and associated morbidities due to maternal ITP are ...unclear. The present study aimed to assess the neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with ITP. Fifty-five pregnant women with ITP and their babies, born between January/2013 and April/2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Maternal and neonatal thrombocytopenia cases other than ITP were excluded from the study. Physical examination, blood count, and cranial/abdominal ultrasonography findings of the newborns were recorded. Neonatal thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count < 150 × 10 9/ L. Relationship between neonatal thrombocytopenia and maternal factors was investigated. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 17/55 babies (30.9%), and 8/17 (47.1%) had symptoms of bleeding, all but one being mild bleeding. There was a significant correlation between neonatal platelet counts of < 100 × 10 9 /L and maternal splenectomy history. Incidence of moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was higher (statistically insignificant) in neonates of mothers with ITP. No significant correlation was determined between maternal and neonatal platelet counts. There was a weak insignificant correlation between platelet counts of neonates of mothers with or without thrombocytopenia. A significant correlation was found between the presence of splenectomy before delivery in the mother and a platelet count of < 100 × 10 9 /L in the neonate. Moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was higher in neonates of mothers diagnosed with ITP before pregnancy and needed treatment during pregnancy and/or delivery, but the difference was insignificant. Close follow-up of babies born to mothers with ITP after birth is crucial since there is no significant prediction criterion for developing neonatal thrombocytopenia and associated morbidities.
Although thiamine (THI) and hydrogen sulphide (H
2
S) both have widely been tested in the plant under stress conditions, cross talk between THI and H
2
S in the acquisition of cadmium (Cd) stress ...tolerance needs to be studied. So, an experiment was designed to study the participation of endogenous H
2
S in THI-induced tolerance to Cd stress in strawberry plants. A foliar spray solution containing THI (50 mg L
−1
) was sprayed once a week for 4 weeks to the foliage of strawberry plants under Cd stress (1.0 mM CdCl
2
). The plant dry weight, total chlorophyll, maximum efficiency of PSII (
F
v
/
F
m
), leaf potassium (K
+
) and calcium (Ca
2+
) as well as leaf water potential were significantly reduced, but the proline, ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), electron leakage (EL) and leaf Cd as well as endogenous H
2
S and NO were increased by Cd stress. Application of THI alleviated the oxidative damage due to Cd stress and caused a further elevation in endogenous H
2
S and NO contents. Remarkably, THI-induced Cd stress tolerance was further improved by addition of sodium hydrosulfide (0.2 mM NaHS), a H
2
S donor. To get an insight whether or not H
2
S involved in THI-improved tolerance to Cd toxicity in strawberry plants, an H
2
S scavenger, hypotaurine (HT 0.1 mM), was supplied along with the THI and NaHS treatments. THI-improved tolerance to Cd stress was partly reversed by HT by reducing leaf H
2
S and NO to the level and above of these under Cd toxicity alone, respectively. The findings evidently showed that leaf H
2
S and NO together involved in induced tolerance to Cd toxicity by THI. This evidence was also proved by the partly increases in MDA and H
2
O
2
and decreases in antioxidant defence enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase as well as the plant biomass and partly enhanced leaf Cd content by exogenous applied HT along with THI.
Young children’s trust and sharing decisions Kotaman, Hüseyin; Aslan, Mustafa
International journal of child care and education policy (Seoul),
12/2024, Volume:
18, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The purpose of this study is to investigate how young children define trust and to find out if there is a relationship between the people whom they trust and the people with whom they share their ...favorite food and toy. The participants consist of 273 kindergarteners enrolled in five public kindergartens. Research assistants asked the participants questions such as what they think trust is, who they trust, with whom they want to share their favorite food and favorite toy, and why. Findings did not reveal age or gender as factors for children’s trust and sharing decisions. Children’s trust decisions were not associated with their sharing decisions. Accordingly, it appears that children perceive trust and sharing as two separate concepts. This might be due to the abstract nature of trust and the social nature of sharing, in which immediate reciprocity might play a more important role in children’s sharing decisions. Children mentioned reciprocity as the second highest reason for their sharing decisions.
Job satisfaction is an important construct in the organizational behavior domain because it affects several organizational variables, such as performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and ...organizational commitment. This study investigates the effect of innovation and participation as workplace values on job satisfaction and the mediating role of psychological ownership. Participants (N = 316) were adults working at different hotels in Antalya, Turkey. The results show innovation and participation as workplace values manifest their effects on job satisfaction through psychological ownership. Moreover, psychological ownership, along with participation, is one of the best estimators of job satisfaction, while participation is the best estimator of psychological ownership among studied variables.
Salvia species and
Melissa officinalis are used for their memory-enhancing effects in European folk medicine.
Teucrium polium was reported to be used in Anatolia for memory-enhancement in a very old ...book written by an Ottoman herbalist–physician.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder mostly affecting the elder population. Currently, there is no cure for the treatment of severe type of AD. Therefore, in this study, the hydroalcoholic extracts of three traditionally used Lamiaceae species for memory-enhancement;
Salvia triloba L.,
Melissa officinalis L., and
Teucrium polium L., were assessed for their
in vivo antiamnesic activity along with
in vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities.
Scopolamine-induced antiamnesic activity was determined in mice by passive avoidance test, while anticholinesterase effect was measured by spectrophotometric Ellman method at 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0
mg
ml
−1 and antioxidant activity was assessed by scavenging effect against 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total phenol contents of the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method.
Salvia triloba was the most effective in antiamnesic experiment at 100, 200, and 400
mg
kg
−1 doses having 22.7, 57.1, and 71.4% of relative effects, respectively.
Teucrium polium was also active dose-dependently, whereas
Melissa officinalis was completely inactive. In the anticholinesterase assay, the extracts showed similar inhibitions against acetylcholinesterase and
Teucrium polium had the highest inhibition (65.8% at 1.0
mg
ml
−1). Concerning the antioxidant effect, all the extracts exerted the highest activity among all having IC
50 values between 0.227 and 0.428
mg/ml.
Our data suggest that
Teucrium polium among the screened plants deserves to be examined further as a herbal alternative for AD treatment.
Abstract
Long lockdowns, food shortages, and the inability to receive basic primary healthcare have aggravated the effects of pandemics. However, most studies have focused on the health problems of ...the infected people or the measures employed to keep the disease under control. This cross-sectional study focused primarily on the mental health issues of employees. By employing a convenient sampling method, we reached 237 respondents (135 with coronavirus history) to assess the impact of the pandemic on employees. Multivariate causal relationships were assessed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The predictors included internal entrapment (INT) and difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), which are significant predictors of depression (DEPR). DIF was found to be a significant predictor of INT and EXT feelings, while FEAR was found to be a significant predictor of INT, DIF, and DEPR. Quality of life (QoL) was found to be a significant predictor of DIF and DDF, DEPR, EXT and INT, and FEAR. The results also showed that DIF mainly manifested its effect on depression through INT. The DEPR level of employees working only from home was higher than that of other employees. The depression levels of women, young employees, and those whose QoL was adversely affected by the coronavirus were higher than the rest.
PDF
