Dermoscopy of Adnexal Tumors Zaballos, Pedro; Gómez-Martín, Ignacio; Martin, José María ...
Dermatologic clinics,
10/2018, Volume:
36, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Cutaneous adnexal tumors include lesions with apocrine, eccrine, follicular, sebaceous, and mixed differentiation. Most are benign and sporadic, although malignant forms are occasionally observed and ...some cases develop in the setting of inherited syndromes. These tumors often cause immense diagnostic difficulty. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique that has greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy of different skin lesions, including these tumors. We provide a review of the literature on the dermoscopic structures and patterns associated with adnexal tumors. Most patterns associated with this kind of tumor are nonspecific and are observed in other nonadnexal tumors, especially in basal cell carcinomas.
There is clear agreement about the importance of promoting emotional intelligence in school through programs integrated in the academic curriculum. The objective of this study is to analyze the ...impact of the EDI program on the emotional intelligence trait and on general academic performance, as well as mathematics and language performance. The participants were 5th grade elementary school students between 10 and 11 years old. A quasi-experimental repeated-measures design was used, with a comparison group and four assessment points. The results showed, on the one hand, the effectiveness of a two-year intervention in improving emotional intelligence and, on the other hand, its positive influence on academic performance in general, and specifically on mathematics and language performance. In the non-intervention group, general academic performance and language performance declined. The results are discussed, and recommendations are made for future interventions.
•Three DNA anchoring procedures on an interferometry chip were assayed.•Chemical isocyanate silane and photochemical immobilization were best performing.•Blocking unspecific binding sites with ...gelatin was much better than other options.•DNA anchoring and hybridization were achieved in a tilted strand conformation.•Interferometry can be applied as multiplex DNA screening method.
DNA binding chemistry on silicon surface has been investigated. Aminated oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the chip surface by chemical silanization and further covalent attachment. The chemistries employed were the classical 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane/glutaraldehyde and, for comparison purposes, the novel 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, that allows the direct attachment of the aminated probe. Alternatively, a thiolated oligonucleotide was also photochemically immobilized by means of a thioether linkage. The experiments were followed label-free by Dual Polarization Interferometry. All chemical and photochemical methods gave rise to a probe density immobilization in the order of 1.0–2.5×1010molecules/mm2, similar to the values reported for other chemistries. The obtained data suggest that DNA strands are anchored in a different conformation depending on the immobilization method employed. In order to avoid non-specific binding of target molecules, ethanolamine and inert proteins were assayed, and successful results were obtained when using small size proteins such as gelatine. Hybridization efficiency was around 20% for aminosilane-based immobilized probes, and more than 4-fold this value when the other immobilization methods were employed. The ability for recognition complementary DNA strands discriminating non-complementary ones was applied for species identification in mixtures.
An amino-modified polycarbonate surface of compact discs is used to link haptens covalently and directly as an alternative to the classic protein−hapten conjugate adsorption coating strategy employed ...in immunoassays. The modified surface maintains its physical and optical properties, and a standard disk drive can then read the assay results. Advantages are evaluated, such as the use of a broader spectrum of coupling media including organic solvents that are inappropriate for proteins but necessary for some water-insoluble haptens and the bypassing of the synthesis and purification for protein conjugates. As proof of concept, competitive microimmunoassays were developed for chlorpyrifos, atrazine, and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4,5-TP), in microarray format, obtaining detection limits of 37.2, 8.1, and 76 ng/L, respectively. The sensitivity was 1 order of magnitude better than that obtained for all the studied systems using hapten−protein conjugates adsorbed on polystyrene enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates and polycarbonate surfaces. Further, the influence of hapten structure and presentation on molecular recognition pattern is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that microarray and compact disc technologies converge with this particular hapten immobilization mode. The great potential of the approach is demonstrated through the high-throughput capability of the disc in a range of analytical applications, as well as the inherent advantages of compact disc reading technology.
The authors describe a method for the detection of DNA by using immobilized molecular beacons (MBs) on the surface of silicon, with a view on possible application in biosensing. MB hybridization and ...protein recognition were interrogated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) surfaces by using fluorescently tagged probes. In order to better understand the conformational changes that occur to MBs upon hybridization, the process was studied by using dual polarization interferometry (DPI). A model system was developed that matches thickness, mass, and density parameters. The results experimentally demonstrate that hybridization promotes the displacement of a protein away from the surface. This finding may be further exploited in techniques such as photonic sensors, thereby paving the way to the design of more sensitive biosensors based on the use of MBs.
Graphical abstract
Schematic of a new DNA/RNA detection scheme by using immobilized molecular beacons (MBs) on silicon, with a view on possible application in biosensing. A study was performed on the conformational changes that occur to MBs upon hybridization by Dual Polarization Interferometry (DPI).
The selective introduction of functional groups on the surface of silicon nitride/silicon oxide nanostructures was studied. Chemical strategies based on organosilane, Si–H and N–H reactivities were ...assayed. Among these strategies, the use of glutaraldehyde to selectively immobilize biomolecules only on the silicon nitride part of the chip surface was the most effective for the covalent attachment of proteins, maintaining also their bioavailability. The biomolecule surface coverage results up to 80% and the modification is selective
versus silicon oxide; the biomolecule attaching only to silicon nitride and leaving the silicon oxide area of the device unmodified. The effectiveness of our novel selective surface modification procedure is also supported by comparing experimental and numerical calculations of the optical performance of a label-free optical ring resonator based on Si
3N
4/SiO
2 slot-waveguides.
A new type of material for application in high performance DNA detection is described. By combining the material, surface, probe attachment, and target recognition with modulation of the surface ...hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity properties, advanced microarrays with improved performance are obtained, characterized, and tested.
► Photopolymerization chemical bases are presented. ► Approaches to develop and amplify biorecognition events are discussed. ► Protein and DNA interaction events using the photopolymerization ...principle are shown. ► Nanomolar sensitivity for protein-to-protein (or antigen) recognition is achieved. ► Compact-disc technology is successfully applied to quantify PMR events.
This work addresses the main topics related to the photopolymerization process to develop and to monitor the analytical signal derived from biorecognition assays. We review basic aspects of photopolymerization, together with the nature and the reactivity of the chemicals involved. Focusing on DNA and protein determination and medical applications, we envisage as relevant photopolymers that generate biocompatible hydrogels.
We also review the major characterization techniques applied to ascertain the composition of the products formed and to monitor the progress of the reaction. In this sense, we present optical microscopy, fluorescence imaging, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and profilometry measures.
Finally, we discuss analytical examples and applications of protein-to-protein, protein-to-antigen and DNA-hybridization photopolymerization. We demonstrate implementation of CD/DVD player technology to the detection and quantitation of such biointeractions, highlighting the advantages of this powerful methodology in biosensing.
Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma that may play a role in the preoperative assessment of melanoma thickness. With this technique, several vascular ...morphologies have been identified. The objectives of this study are to study the presence and morphology of blood vessels in a series of primary melanomas and to investigate whether they are related to the Breslow index, the presence of ulceration, and extensive dermoscopic regression.
This cross-sectional study included nonacral, nonfacial primary melanomas, with dermoscopic images from four hospitals in Spain. The outcome variables were the Breslow index, the presence of dermoscopic ulceration, and an extensive dermoscopic regression. The explicative variables were the presence of vessels, the predominant vessel in the most raised area of the melanoma, and the presence of polymorphous vessels. To study the association between qualitative variables and the Breslow index, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test and between qualitative variables, the χ2 test. To study the magnitude of the association, the ORs (95% CI) were calculated.
A set of 516 images from melanomas was collected. The presence of vessels was associated with thicker melanomas (p < 0.001). Vessel type was associated with different Breslow indexes (p < 0.001) (arborizing, linear irregular, corkscrew, glomerular, hairpin, and dotted vessels (in decreasing order)). The polymorphous vessels were associated with thicker melanomas (p < 0.001). Linear irregular vessels were associated with ulceration (OR = 10.6, 95% CI 4.9-24.0, p < 0.001) and dotted vessels with the presence of extensive dermoscopic regression (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.2, p = 0.003). The main limitations of this study were the high selection of cases and the difficulty in identifying vessels in pigmented melanomas by dermoscopy.
The morphology of blood vessels in cutaneous melanoma on dermoscopy is associated with the Breslow index, the presence of ulceration, and extensive dermoscopic regression.
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