Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by motor impairments (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability) associated or not with non-motor ...complications (cognitive disorders, dysautonomia) Most of patients loose weight during evolution of their disease Dysregulations of hypothalamus, which is considered as the regulatory center of satiety and energy metabolism, could play a major role in this phenomenon Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (NST) is an effective method to treat patients with advanced Parkinson's disease providing marked improvement of motor impairments. This chirurgical procedure also induces a rapid and strong body weight gain and sometimes obesity. This post-operative weight gain, which exceeds largely weight lost recorded in non-operated patient, could be responsible of metabolic disorders (such as diabetes) and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes body weight variations generated by Parkinson' disease and deep brain stimulation of the NST, and focuses on metabolic disorders capable to explain them: Finally, this review emphasizes on the importance of an adequate nutritional follow up care for parkinsonian patient (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved
In the blast cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) more than 50 chromosomes can be observed in a quarter of cases. As a rule these children have a good prognosis. However, some of ...these patients develop a relapse of their basic disease. There is only poor information about the significance of distinct additional chromosomes for the prognosis. The white blood cell count (WBC) at the time of diagnosis is a further very important prognostic factor in childhood ALL. Therefore we compared the relation between trisomy of distinct chromosomes and the initial white blood cell count of 41 children with common ALL and hyperdiploid karyotype. The modal chromosome number ranged from 50 to 60 chromosomes. Most frequently, the chromosomes X, 4, 6, 8, 10, 17, 18 and 21 were multiplied. Additionally, in 25 of the 41 cases structural chromosome aberrations were observed. The average WBC was estimated as 9.6 Gpt/l with a range from 1.8 to 41.5 Gpt/l. The initial WBC was slightly increased in patients with the additional chromosome X, 6, 11, 12 or 19 and distinctly decreased in children with the additional chromosome 8 or 9 in their hyperdiploid blast cells. No patient with an additional Chromosome 9 showed a WBC higher than 10 Gpt/l and only 2 out of the 12 children with an additional chromosome 8 revealed an initial WBC higher than 10 Gpt/l. Additional structural chromosome aberrations were without influence on the WBC.
To gain additional informations on the role played by Natural Killer cells (NK) in the differentiation of human hematopoietic precursors, we have studied the effect of NK-cell depletion on the in ...vitro proliferation of hematopoietic cells. NK cells were depleted from blood mononuclear cells by FACS using anti CD3 and anti CD56 monoclonal antibodies. Depletion of NK cells suppressed CFU-GM up to 69% (P < 0.01), while no significant effect on either BFU-E and CFU-Mix growth was observed. To define the threshold of CD56+ cells required to support CFU-GM formation, NK cells were added to NK-depleted cells in a titrated fashion. Enhancement of CFU-GM colony growth was observed at NK/NK- depleted cells ratio of 0.15/1. A dose dependent suppression of CFU growth was observed at ratios ranging from 0.25/1 to 0.5/1. Addition of neutralizing antibodies against IL3 and GM-CSF abrogate the stimulating effect of NK cells. Our results suggest that cells with LGL morphology and NK markers play an important role in differentiation of myeloid precursors and exert a moderate influence on erythroid progenitors. The modulatory effect on hematopoietic progenitors depend on the number of NK cells present in the mixed culture.
A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ketoprofen 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionic acid in plasma and urine. The method includes an ...extraction of the drug and the internal standard 2-(4-benzoylphenyl)butyric acid into ether from acidified plasma. The organic phase is evaporated, and the residue is dissolved in the mobile phase (acetonitrile-0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 3) (45:55). A 20-microliter aliquot is analyzed on a reversed-phase column. The accuracy is within 1.5% for therapeutic concentrations, and the coefficients of variation are 5.5 and 3.4% for 2 and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively. For the urine assay, the accuracy is within 3%, and the cofficients of variation are 1.9 and 1.7% for 3 and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively. This method was applied successfully to the determination of ketoprofen in humans for pharmacokinetic studies.
A new method of determination of ketoprofen 2-(3-benzoyl phenyl) propionic acid in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. After extraction by diethyl either in ...acidic medium, ketoprofen and the internal standard, 2-(4-benzoyl phenyl) butyric acid, are methylated with gaseous diazomethane and their concentrations measured by HPLC using in LiChrosorb Si 60 (5 micrometer) column and dichloromethane-hexane (60:40) as the mobile phase. The absolute retention times of the internal standard and ketoprofen are 11.6 and 12.8 min, respectively. The precision of the methods is +/- 4% and the lower detection limit ranges from 0.06 to 0.10 microgram/ml. The results obtained by HPLC show a very good correlation with those obtained by gas--liquid chromatography. The proposed method is sensitive, reproducible and rapid and very suitable for ketoprofen determination in pharmacokinetic studies.
