This study introduces SVETT (Portuguese acronym for Virtual Reality Simulator for Topotactical Study of a Terrain), a simulator designed to assist Marines from the Brazilian Navy on terrain studies. ...SVETT allows to recreate any region on the globe. The student can observe this area in a Synthetic Training Environment (STE) with visual resources available to the instructors that allow easier transmission of their knowledge, allowing students to observe details just visualized on the real exercises. This simulator acts as an intermediate resource between theory and practice, enhancing student's knowledge before going to the real field exercise. We evaluated the simulator with 12 users, 7 students and 4 instructors, where we obtained positive results with regard to the teaching-learning process, providing resources that amplify the instructor's capacity and unify the students' knowledge.
ABSTRACT The savanna woodlands of Piauí state has great economic importance since it is an area for agricultural expansion, being the fourth most important of Brazil and the first from Brazilian ...Northeastern. The area accounts for 5.9% of the Brazilian savanna woodlands and 36.9% of the Northeastern savanna, covering 46% of the Piauí state area, in a total of 11.5 million hectares. The goal of this research was to study pedoenvironments of Serra do Quilombo region, which is in Piauí state savanna, as well as identifying existing soil classes, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification - SiBCS. Soil identification consisted in characterizing soil profiles along a transect, assessing in-field conditions and collecting soil samples, in areas of native vegetation. The samples were gathered from three distinct points, being two at the edges and one at the center of the plateau. Soil analyses were carried out with samples collected from each horizon through trench digging up to a 2-m depth. Morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed for each soil profile, along with an evaluation of the effect of pedogenic factors on their formation and development. All soils under study were formed with source materials of the same geological formation; however, each rock has a distinct contribution to the process, involving sandstones and shales. The characteristics observed in the soil from Serra do Quilombo have no difference from the pattern found in the Brazilian plateaus, and soil profiles were classified as dystrophic clayey Yellow Latosols (Oxisols), according to the SiBCS.
RESUMO O Cerrado piauiense tem grande importância econômica por ser uma área de expansão agrícola, sendo o quarto mais importante do Brasil e o primeiro do Nordeste. Representa 5,9 % do cerrado brasileiro, 36,9 % do nordestino e 46 % da área total do Estado do Piauí, ao todo são 11,5 milhões de hectares . O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os pedoambientes da Serra do Quilombo, localizada no cerrado piauiense, e identificar as classes de solos existentes de acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. A identificação dos solos consistiu na caracterização de perfis de solo ao longo de um transecto, com a avaliação e coleta de solos em áreas de vegetação nativa, em três pontos, sendo nas extremidades e no centro da chapada . A análise dos solos e a coleta de amostras de cada horizonte dos três perfis de solo foram realizadas mediante abertura de trincheiras, com 2 m de profundidade. Foi feita a caracterização morfológica, física, química e mineralógica de cada perfil dos solos, juntamente com avaliação da influência dos fatores pedogenéticos na sua formação e evolução. Os solos estudados são formados de materiais de origem da mesma formação geológica, no entanto, com diferentes contribuições das diversas rochas, envolvendo arenitos e folhelhos. As características dos solos verificadas na Serra do Quilombo não diferem do padrão comumente observado nas chapadas do Brasil, sendo os perfis classificados como LATOSSOLOS AMARELOS Distróficos argissólicos, de acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos.
This study aimed at identifying the exposure to biological material among workers that deal with healthservices waste during their labor practice in 2005, in Goiânia, and characterizing the safety ...measures adopted by them.Data were collected through structured interviews. The health services waste inadequate disposal in shelters outsidehealth establishments, its handle in the unit of treatment and the waste trituration process were critical to the biologicalmaterial exposure. Fourteen workers (87.5%) were injured during the health services waste handle, 68.75% of which werewith sharp instruments. Despite of the adherence to protective equipment use by most external waste handling workers,we identified a high exposure to biological material which was related to the inadequate external disposal of the waste. Weconsider that investments should be made in the qualification for the workers to the use and handling of protectiveequipment and waste management, as well as waste conditioning in its source.
This study presents the SimBike (Bicycle Simulator with Non-conventional Devices), a virtual reality simulator that uses motor and sensory devices to provide greater user involvement and comfort. The ...SimBike seeks to recreate the activity of riding a bicycle by taking full advantage of the efforts made in its execution, such as making curves with the handlebar or body weight, pedaling, braking, among others. It offers feedbacks commonly expected by the rider, such as the wind sensation depending on speed and the sensation of trepidation on uneven terrain. We evaluated the simulator with 16 users, obtaining satisfactory results regarding comfort, immersion, usability, and user experience. The results also suggest improvements to make the simulator suitable for all types of users, regardless of their characteristics such as weight and height, and also propose future studies.
The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in Brazil has been associated with major impacts on the epidemiological and public health scenario. In this study, 291,571 samples were ...investigated for SARS-CoV-2 variants from August 2021 to March 2022 (the highest peak of positive cases) in four geographical regions of Brazil. To identify the frequency, introduction, and dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 variants in 12 Brazilian capitals, VOCs defining spike mutations were identified in 35,735 samples through genotyping and viral genome sequencing. Omicron VOC was detected in late November 2021 and replaced the Delta VOC in approximately 3.5 weeks. We estimated viral load differences between SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron through the evaluation of the RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) score in 77,262 samples. The analysis demonstrated that the Omicron VOC has a lower viral load in infected patients than the Delta VOC. Analyses of clinical outcomes in 17,586 patients across the country indicated that individuals infected with Omicron were less likely to need ventilatory support. The results of our study reinforce the importance of surveillance programs at the national level and showed the introduction and faster dispersion of Omicron over Delta VOC in Brazil without increasing the numbers of severe cases of COVID-19.
Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially ...associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, which we estimated to have occurred between May and December 2013, more than 12 months before the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV-endemic areas, as well as with reported outbreaks in the Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however, no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this correlation does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of this emerging virus in the Americas.
Diante da ética de cuidar de quem está na iminência da morte, o presente trabalho foi realizado, tendo por objetivos relatar a experiência de acompanhamento domiciliar e promover reflexão a respeito ...do dilema ético de cuidar de um paciente em fase terminal. Concluímos que o agir bioético nesse tipo de situação envolve uma espécie de consciência que só pode ser desenvolvida quando sentimos a realidade do paciente. Percebemos, também, a importância da abordagem interdisciplinar, como estratégia para a assistência holística ao paciente em fase terminal e a necessidade de voltar nossos olhares para um cuidado onde a cura não é o objetivo, mas sim a qualidade de vida nos momentos finais.Delante de la ética de cuidar de quién está en la inminencia de la muerte, el presente trabajo fue realizado, con objetivos de relatar experiencia de acompañamiento domiciliar y promover la reflexión con respecto al dilema ético de cuidar de un enfermo terminal. Concluimos que la acción de la bioético en ese tipo de situación envuelve un tipo de conciencia que sólo puede desarrollarse cuando sentimos la realidad del enfermo. Percibimos, también, la importancia del abordaje interdisciplinar como estrategia para la asistencia holística del enfermo terminal y la necesidad de volver nuestras miradas para un cuidado dónde la cura no es el objetivo, pero la calidad de vida en los momentos finales.This study considers ethical issues related to the terminally ill. Its aims are to report the experience of home care and to promote a reflection about the ethical dilemma of caring the terminally ill. We concluded that the bioethical acting in this kind of situation involves a kind of conscience that can only be developed when the patient's reality is understood. We also realized the relevance of an interdisciplinary approach as a strategy for the holistic care to the terminally ill and the need to give attention to care when the cure is not possible, but the quality of life in the last moments of life.
Splenectomized and sham-operated mice with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection were compared for the development of periportal fibrosis (pipestem fibrosis). Although this lesion appeared less ...frequently in splenectomized mice, it also developed in the absence of the spleen. The time of splenectomy, spleen weight, presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies, the number of eggs in the liver, and the type and size of periovular granulomas in the liver as evaluated by computerized morphometry did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. It is concluded that the role of the spleen in the development of pipestem fibrosis seems ancillary and that multifactorial influences, including worm burden, hepatic vascular adjustment, and factors associated with the biology of extracellular matrix of the liver, probably play a more significant role.
As violências contra as mulheres são um grave problema de saúde pública que tem atingido o Brasil e o mundo. O objetivo do estudo foi explanar sobre as práticas de enfermagem nos cuidados da mulher ...violentada que requer aos serviços de saúde, bem como a análise da eficácia desse atendimento na vida dessa vítima. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, a partir das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), onde 20 produções científicas que versavam sobre o objeto do estudo foram selecionadas baseadas nos requisitos pré-estabelecidos. Os resultados demonstraram que apesar do papel indispensável dos enfermeiros na identificação das violências e nos cuidados destas mulheres a partir das suas práticas e ferramentas, lamentavelmente, muitos dos profissionais ainda se sentem despreparados e não conseguem realizar a tomada de medidas apropriadas aos casos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a Enfermagem possui um importante papel no combate à violência contra as mulheres, e, por isso, é imprescindível que haja o fortalecimento contínuo dos regulamentos de conduta dos profissionais de saúde no atendimento a esse tipo de violência, além de ser enfatizada a abordagem do assunto dentro de disciplinas voltadas à saúde da mulher, instruindo os futuros profissionais acerca do tema durante a graduação, para que o ciclo de desqualificação seja quebrado.
Violence against women is a serious public health problem that has affected Brazil and the world. The objective of the study was to explain nursing practices in the care of abused women who require health services, as well as the analysis of the effectiveness of this care in the life of the victim. An integrative literature review was carried out, based on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, where 20 scientific productions that dealt with the object of the study were selected based on pre-established requirements. The results demonstrated that despite the indispensable role of nurses in identifying violence and caring for these women based on their practices and tools, being, in addition, an educational agent, capable of carrying out the promotion of health education actions, many of the professionals still feel unprepared and are unable to carry out the appropriate medical treatment for the cases. It is concluded, therefore, that Nursing has an important role in combating violence against women, and therefore, it is essential that there is a continuous strengthening of the regulations for the conduct of health professionals when dealing with this type of violence, in addition to the approach of the subject that must be emphasized within disciplines focused on women's health, instructing future professionals on the topic during graduation, so that the cycle of disqualification is broken.
PDF
