The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has performed the first measurement at
$\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV of the $\rho$ parameter, the real to imaginary ratio of the
nuclear elastic scattering amplitude at $t=0$, ...obtaining the following results:
$\rho = 0.09 \pm 0.01$ and $\rho = 0.10 \pm 0.01$, depending on different
physics assumptions and mathematical modelling. The unprecedented precision of
the $\rho$ measurement, combined with the TOTEM total cross-section
measurements in an energy range larger than 10 TeV (from 2.76 to 13 TeV), has
implied the exclusion of all the models classified and published by COMPETE.
The $\rho$ results obtained by TOTEM are compatible with the predictions, from
alternative theoretical models both in the Regge-like framework and in the QCD
framework, of a colourless 3-gluon bound state exchange in the $t$-channel of
the proton-proton elastic scattering. On the contrary, if shown that the
3-gluon bound state $t$-channel exchange is not of importance for the
description of elastic scattering, the $\rho$ value determined by TOTEM would
represent a first evidence of a slowing down of the total cross-section growth
at higher energies. The very low-$|t|$ reach allowed also to determine the
absolute normalisation using the Coulomb amplitude for the first time at the
LHC and obtain a new total proton-proton cross-section measurement
$\sigma_{tot} = 110.3 \pm 3.5$ mb, completely independent from the previous
TOTEM determination. Combining the two TOTEM results yields $\sigma_{tot} =
110.5 \pm 2.4$ mb.
We describe and discuss the selection procedure and statistical properties of the galaxy sample used by the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA), a public legacy survey of 600 ...galaxies using integral field spectroscopy. The CALIFA "mother sample" was selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 photometric catalogue to include all galaxies with an r-band isophotal major axis between 45" and 79.2" and with a redshift 0.005 < z < 0.03. The mother sample contains 939 objects, 600 of which will be observed in the course of the CALIFA survey. The selection of targets for observations is based solely on visibility and thus keeps the statistical properties of the mother sample. By comparison with a large set of SDSS galaxies, we find that the CALIFA sample is representative of galaxies over a luminosity range of -19 > Mr > -23.1 and over a stellar mass range between 10^9.7 and 10^11.4Msun. In particular, within these ranges, the diameter selection does not lead to any significant bias against - or in favour of - intrinsically large or small galaxies. Only below luminosities of Mr = -19 (or stellar masses < 10^9.7Msun) is there a prevalence of galaxies with larger isophotal sizes, especially of nearly edge-on late-type galaxies, but such galaxies form < 10% of the full sample. We estimate volume-corrected distribution functions in luminosities and sizes and show that these are statistically fully compatible with estimates from the full SDSS when accounting for large-scale structure. We also present a number of value-added quantities determined for the galaxies in the CALIFA sample. We explore different ways of characterizing the environments of CALIFA galaxies, finding that the sample covers environmental conditions from the field to genuine clusters. We finally consider the expected incidence of active galactic nuclei among CALIFA galaxies.
Viscosuppplementation with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan HA) is a relatively new option for improving pain and articular function in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. An ...open multi-center study was performed in 365 patients with definite and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis from seven Latin American countries. Five doses of HA were administered once a week. The parameters studied were pain (six items), stiffness (two items) and functional capacity (17 items). The parameters were evaluated 1 week after the corresponding injection. Statistical differences were found when basal determinations of the three parameters were compared with the results of the first and fourth administration (p < 0.05). Intra-articular HA administration was well tolerated. Treatment-related nonserious adverse events were registered in 2.5% of administrations. Based on the results obtained, HA is a useful and well-tolerated symptomatic treatment for knee osteoarthritis with a rapid onset of action.
This paper describes the Second Public Data Release (DR2) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. The data for 200 objects are made public, including the 100 galaxies of the ...First Public Data Release (DR1). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. Two different spectral setups are available for each galaxy, (i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 \AA\ with a spectral resolution of 6.0 \AA\ (FWHM), and (ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 \AA\ with a spectral resolution of 2.3 \AA\ (FWHM). The sample covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, with a wide range of properties in the Color-Magnitude diagram, stellar mass, ionization conditions, and morphological types. All released cubes were reduced with the latest pipeline, including improved spectrophotometric calibration, spatial registration and spatial resolution. The spectrophotometric calibration is better than 6% and the median spatial resolution is 2.5". Altogether the second data release contains over 1.5 million spectra. It is available at http://califa.caha.es/DR2.
The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has performed the first measurement at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV of the \(\rho\) parameter, the real to imaginary ratio of the nuclear elastic scattering amplitude at ...\(t=0\), obtaining the following results: \(\rho = 0.09 \pm 0.01\) and \(\rho = 0.10 \pm 0.01\), depending on different physics assumptions and mathematical modelling. The unprecedented precision of the \(\rho\) measurement, combined with the TOTEM total cross-section measurements in an energy range larger than 10 TeV (from 2.76 to 13 TeV), has implied the exclusion of all the models classified and published by COMPETE. The \(\rho\) results obtained by TOTEM are compatible with the predictions, from alternative theoretical models both in the Regge-like framework and in the QCD framework, of a colourless 3-gluon bound state exchange in the \(t\)-channel of the proton-proton elastic scattering. On the contrary, if shown that the 3-gluon bound state \(t\)-channel exchange is not of importance for the description of elastic scattering, the \(\rho\) value determined by TOTEM would represent a first evidence of a slowing down of the total cross-section growth at higher energies. The very low-\(|t|\) reach allowed also to determine the absolute normalisation using the Coulomb amplitude for the first time at the LHC and obtain a new total proton-proton cross-section measurement \(\sigma_{tot} = 110.3 \pm 3.5\) mb, completely independent from the previous TOTEM determination. Combining the two TOTEM results yields \(\sigma_{tot} = 110.5 \pm 2.4\) mb.
During an eight-months period, we studied every newborns under 34 gestation weeks who needed mechanical ventilation (MV) from the moment they were born and whom had an ultrasonogram without ...intraventricular hemorrhage in the first six hours after birth. Patient were separated in two groups: the first, a group of 30 patients received phenobarbital 20 mg/kg IV in the first 6 hours of life and then 2.5 mg/kg, I.V., every 12 hours for the next five days. Blood levels were measured 24 and 96 hours after the initial dose was given. The second group of 30 patients was not treated with phenobarbital. In both groups a brain ultrasonogram was made every 48 hours until 15 days of life. There were no difference in weight, gestational age, Apgar score, way of birth, initial diagnosis, incidence of pneumothorax, mortality and days with MV between the two groups. During the first three days were measured blood glucose, blood pressure, mean airway pressure, PCO2, PO2 and found no significant difference between both groups. The blood pH showed statistically significant difference, with better values at 48-72 hours in the group treated with phenobarbital. The global incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was 16 (53%) in the group treated and 14 (46%) in the not treated, this difference was not statistically significant. The degree of hemorrhage, found was: I and II degree, eleven (69%) in the treated group and four (28%), in the control group; III and IV degree five (31%), in the treated group and ten (71%), in the control group.
End-quench experiments have been commonly used to assess the metallurgical response of both ferrous and non-ferrous alloys during heat treating. Although some of these tests have been widely applied ...in industry and in research laboratories, their use in a predictive fashion is limited because the heat transfer boundary conditions are not known accurately and, therefore, the microstructural response cannot be directly linked to the thermal history. In this paper, we report calculated values of the heat transfer boundary condition at the bottom end of end-quench experiments conducted under laboratory conditions. The calculational procedure involves the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem by applying a sequential function specification technique (Beck's method) to the thermal response measured at several positions along the probe axis at the centerline. The materials used in the tests were selected to avoid the effects of thermal recalescence associated with phase transformations; thus, probes fabricated with AISI 304 stainless steel and with a 6063 aluminium alloy were used. To verify the procedure, a direct calculation using a commercial package based on the finite difference method was applied. It was found that both, the end-quench and the lateral heat transfer boundary conditions need to be considered to get an accurate prediction of the thermal response. Materials: 304 austenitic stainless steel and 6063 aluminum base alloy.
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