Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)-associated euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) is a serious and increasingly recognised complication of treatment with this class of oral ...hypoglycaemic agents and can present a diagnostic challenge, resulting in delayed recognition, inappropriate treatment and potentially life-threatening acidosis. We present two cases of patients developing SGLT2i-associated euDKA in the early postoperative period. We support ceasing SGLT2i for 72 hours preoperatively and would suggest continuing to withhold the medication until oral intake is restored, and recommend a wider awareness of SGLT2i-associated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) amongst patients and their healthcare providers with an emphasis on checking ketone levels irrespective of blood glucose levels in the postoperative setting.
By traversing the plume erupting from high southern latitudes on Saturn's moon Enceladus, Cassini orbiter instruments can directly sample the material therein. Cassini Plasma Spectrometer, CAPS, data ...show that a major plume component comprises previously‐undetected particles of nanometer scales and larger that bridge the mass gap between previously observed gaseous species and solid icy grains. This population is electrically charged both negative and positive, indicating that subsurface triboelectric charging, i.e., contact electrification of condensed plume material may occur through mutual collisions within vents. The electric field of Saturn's magnetosphere controls the jets' morphologies, separating particles according to mass and charge. Fine‐scale structuring of these particles' spatial distribution correlates with discrete plume jets' sources, and reveals locations of other possible active regions. The observed plume population likely forms a major component of high velocity nanometer particle streams detected outside Saturn's magnetosphere.
Saturn's E ring is remarkable not only for its huge size. Based on optical measurements the ring was surprisingly found to mainly consist of ice particles of uniform size (radii between 0.3 and 2 ...microns) Nicholson et al., 1996. Observations of Saturn's ring-plane crossing in August and November. Science 272, 509–516, though the source of the ring, the icy moon Enceladus, feeds the ring with grains having a much broader mass distribution Spahn et al., 1999. Dynamics of dust ejected from enceladus: application to the cassini dust detector. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 24111–24120. Because of this contradiction, the mass distribution of the ring must be closely connected to the dynamics of the ring particles which is governed by the competition of various disturbing forces acting on the grains. It was realised early that the dynamics of the charged ring particles is strongly affected by electromagnetic forces as well as by plasma drag. Understanding the implications on the ring dynamics thus requires knowledge of the electrostatic equilibrium potential of the dust grains.
The charge-sensitive grid system of the cosmic dust analyser (CDA) on the Cassini spacecraft allows an in situ determination of the charge of grains bigger than 2–3 microns. Since the CDA detector determines the grain mass simultaneously with the dust charge the electrostatic potential
φ
d
can be estimated as well. Here we report the first measurement of the electrostatic potential of E ring particles. Particles detected inside the orbit of Saturn's moon Rhea were always found to be negatively charged, whereas grains outside Rhea's orbit were on a positive potential of about 3
V. Our results are in good agreement with measurements of the spacecraft potential by Cassini's radio and plasma wave science (RPWS) investigation Wahlund et al., 2005. The inner magnetosphere of Saturn: Cassini RPWS cold plasma results from the first encounter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32. Our analysis implies that the CDA dust analyser (DA) mass calibration by Göller and Grün 1998. Calibration of the Galileo/Ulysses dust detectors with different projectile materials and at varying impact angles. Planet. Space Sci. 37, 1197–1206 is applicable for ice particles. We achieved a good match between our findings and the model calculations of the grain potential when using new Cassini measurements of plasma properties within Saturn's inner plasma sphere. Based on this we provide a realistic description for the grain potential needed for modelling the dynamics of Saturn's E ring.
ARGOS at the LBT Rabien, S.; Angel, R.; Barl, L. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
01/2019, Volume:
621
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Having completed its commissioning phase, the Advanced Rayleigh guided Ground-layer adaptive Optics System (ARGOS) facility is coming online for scientific observations at the Large Binocular ...Telescope (LBT). With six Rayleigh laser guide stars in two constellations and the corresponding wavefront sensing, ARGOS corrects the ground-layer distortions for both LBT 8.4 m eyes with their adaptive secondary mirrors. Under regular observing conditions, this set-up delivers a point spread function (PSF) size reduction by a factor of 2–3 compared to a seeing-limited operation. With the two LUCI infrared imaging and multi-object spectroscopy instruments receiving the corrected images, observations in the near-infrared can be performed at high spatial and spectral resolution. We discuss the final ARGOS technical set-up and the adaptive optics performance. We show that imaging cases with ground-layer adaptive optics (GLAO) are enhancing several scientific programmes, from cluster colour magnitude diagrams and Milky Way embedded star formation, to nuclei of nearby galaxies or extragalactic lensing fields. In the unique combination of ARGOS with the multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy available in LUCI over a 4 × 4 arcmin field of view, the first scientific observations have been performed on local and high-z objects. Those high spatial and spectral resolution observations demonstrate the capabilities now at hand with ARGOS at the LBT.
Objectives: In this study, we compared a classic single‐platform (SP) method applying beads for enumeration of CD45+ or CD34+ cells with a new device allowing direct volumetric measurements of stem ...and progenitor cells.
Background: Following apheresis and cyropreservation, the precise enumeration of CD34+ cells as key parameter of graft quality is mandatory for the clinical course after transplantation. Currently, flow cytometry with SP technique represents the ‘gold standard’ for such determinations.
Methods/Materials: Fresh samples, 14 from mobilised peripheral blood (PB), 9 from apheresis products (AP) and 13 samples from frozen‐thawed (FT) haematopoietic progenitor cell grafts, were analysed for CD34+ cells, CD45+ cells, and in frozen‐thawed samples for viability by a bead‐based flow cytometric method and in parallel by a direct, volumetric flow cytometric method.
Results: Comparison of CD34+ analyses revealed a significant correlation (P < 0·01) for each material between both techniques with r = 0·95 (PB), r = 0·933 (AP) and r = 0·929 (FT). Also, for analysis of CD45+ cells µL−1, the measured numbers evaluated with the different techniques did not significantly differ for all three materials analysed. In frozen‐thawed samples, the analysis of viability was comparable for both techniques.
Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that a direct volumetric analysis of CD34+ cells µL−1 or CD45+ cells µL−1 is feasible. This technique represents a simple and economical approach for standardisation of progenitor and stem cell analyses.
Dust Halo of Saturn's Largest Icy Moon, Rhea Jones, G.H; Roussos, E; Krupp, N ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
03/2008, Volume:
319, Issue:
5868
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Saturn's moon Rhea had been considered massive enough to retain a thin, externally generated atmosphere capable of locally affecting Saturn's magnetosphere. The Cassini spacecraft's in situ ...observations reveal that energetic electrons are depleted in the moon's vicinity. The absence of a substantial exosphere implies that Rhea's magnetospheric interaction region, rather than being exclusively induced by sputtered gas and its products, likely contains solid material that can absorb magnetospheric particles. Combined observations from several instruments suggest that this material is in the form of grains and boulders up to several decimetres in size and orbits Rhea as an equatorial debris disk. Within this disk may reside denser, discrete rings or arcs of material.
Objective
Cross-reactivity between grass pollen and grain flour allergens is well known, but their significance in apprentice bakers with primary sensitization to grass pollen is not known.
Methods
...Twenty-five subjects with mild asthma (most of them with hay fever), but without prior occupational flour exposure, underwent standardized experimental inhalation challenges with placebo and wheat and rye flours in randomized order on three consecutive days. Sensitization to flours and environmental allergens was assessed by skin prick tests and specific IgE antibodies in sera. IgE inhibition experiments were performed with wheat and rye flours as solid phases, and grass and tree pollen as inhibitors.
Results
Five subjects experienced a positive reaction after flour inhalation (responders), whereas 20 subjects did not show such a reaction (non-responders). All responders showed sensitizations to flours, whereas only 25% of the non-responders demonstrated the same sensitization. Specific IgE concentrations to flours, but also to grass and tree pollen, were higher in responders. Inhibition experiments demonstrated cross-reactivity between flours and grass or tree pollen, with higher inhibition rates in responders.
Conclusions
Subjects with pronounced sensitizations to grass or tree pollen, but without prior occupational exposure to flours, may experience both sensitization and allergic asthmatic reactions to flours due to cross-reactive grass and tree pollen allergens.
Structurally characterised cobalt(II) complexes containing pyridazine, triazole or triazolate ligands are the subject of this review. Firstly a brief introduction to Schiff-base macrocyclic chemistry ...is given and then the crystal structures and magnetic properties of pyridazine-containing cobalt(II) complexes are discussed, focussing on macrocyclic complexes. There follows a discussion of the crystal structures, as well as the magnetic behaviour where known, of cobalt(II) complexes containing the triazole moiety in a
N
1,
N
2-bridging fashion. Finally an overview of reported complexes where the triazole unit has been incorporated into a Schiff-base macrocyclic framework is provided. None of these triazole-containing macrocyclic complexes has been structurally characterised.
The German pension insurance has in recent years developed a comprehensive programme for quality assurance in rehabilitation, and has implemented the programme into routine practice. Different ...aspects of rehabilitation are evaluated with differentiated instruments. Issues dealt with inter alia include the quality of rehabilitative care in a narrower sense, the structure and organisation of the rehabilitation centres, as well as quality from the patients' perspective. On the whole, positive results predominate. Big differences in quality however have been found between the rehabilitation centres. The data collections and data evaluations carried out make a continuous process of quality assurance reporting possible for use by rehabilitation centres and pension insurance agencies. This will enable targeted initiatives for quality improvement. The methods and procedures of quality assurance are enhanced at regular intervals, and the scope of quality assurance is extended. Thus, rehab quality assurance is also expanded to cover ambulant rehabilitation or rehabilitation of children and young people.
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