The paper examines the nexus between economic globalization, financial development and institutional reform in India and Sri Lanka during the period 1990-2017. Using the panel ARDL method, the study ...finds the long-run relationship between financial development, economic globalization, and institutional reforms. From the short-run equation, the study finds the negative and statistically significant impact of economic globalization on financial development in India whereas Sri Lanka has a positive impact of institutional quality on financial development. Then, the study finds no short-run causality between financial development, economic globalization and institutional reforms. However, the study finds bi-direction strong causality between economic globalization and financial development. Further, the study finds uni-directional strong causality from institutional quality to financial development and economic globalization. Moreover, there is an existence of long-run causality between financial development, economic globalization and institutional quality. For the robustness of the results, the study considers the financial market as a proxy for financial development. Then, the study applies the panel ARDL test and find the consistency in the results. The policymakers in India and Sri Lanka should focus on institutional reforms so that it can reap the benefit of economic globalization. In turn, the quality of institutional reforms can thereby lead to financial development.
Objectives Diabetes mellitus predisposes to the formation of gallstones. Surgery for gallstone disease (GSD) in diabetic patients also carries more risk compared with nondiabetic patients. The ...objective of the present study was to evaluate the intraoperative findings of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in diabetics and nondiabetics. Methods This study was carried out for two years in the department of general surgery as a prospective observational study. Two groups of patients with uncomplicated gallstone disease were recruited: one group included 75 diabetics and the other one included 75 nondiabetics. The two study groups were matched by age and gender. Detailed history and intraoperative findings and their outcomes were recorded. Patients with emergencylaparoscopiccholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and its complications and cholecystectomy associated with common bile duct (CBD) stones were excluded from the study. Results The results of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the groups were compared. No demographic differences were found between the groups. Adverse intraoperative findings such as thick-walled gallbladder (GB), pericholecystic collections, and adhesions to the surrounding structures, surgical difficulties, modification to subtotal cholecystectomy, and open conversion were more frequent in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients. Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in diabetic patients had more adverse intraoperative findings in comparison to nondiabetic patients. However, in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, good preoperative preparation and meticulous surgical technique are mandatory to achieve similar outcomes between the groups.
Voltage sag is a major Power Quality issue which may occur at every possible load point. In the industrial sector, its impact is particularly prominent at it is directly related to financial losses. ...To eliminate or, at least, mitigate voltage sag, the first, and the most crucial, step is to identify the portions of the network which are vulnerable to voltage sag. Therefore, a novel approach is presented in this article to identify the areas within the network, which are more prone to voltage sag. An impedance matrix‐based model followed by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique is used for the assessment of the voltage sag. This MCS technique is implemented to simulate the number, type, and locations of faults randomly within the system. Then, voltage sag data are collected, and using Bivariate Frequency Distribution, a graphical representation of voltage sag prone buses is developed, which named Voltage Sag Map. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by adopting an industrial distribution system as a case study in this article.
Voltage sag is a major Power Quality (PQ) issue which may occur at every possible load point. In the industrial sector, its impact is particularly prominent as it is directly related to financial losses. In order to eliminate or, at least, mitigate voltage sag, the first, and the most crucial, step is to identify the portions of the network which are vulnerable to voltage sag. To address this issue, a novel approach is presented in this article to identify the areas within the network which are more prone to voltage sag.
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the most common and serious complications in uncontrolled diabetes. Infections are predominantly polymicrobial, with aerobic Gram-positive, anerobic, and ...fungal infections. Early detection of fungal infection and initiation of appropriate treatment in DFUs may lead to better healing and avoid amputations. The primary objective was to find out the prevalence of DFUs getting infected with fungus and the secondary objective was to identify the appropriate methodology for the detection of the fungus in DFUs.Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital with a sample size of 60 DFUs. Microbiological analysis was done by swab culture and deep tissue culture. Observational data were collected and the significance level was statistically analyzed.Results: In the present study, the prevalence of fungal infections in DFUs was 31.7%. Only fungal tissue was positive in 15%, the fungal swab was positive in 8.33%, and both tissue and swab were positive in 8.33%. All these patients were treated with antifungal treatment as per the culture report in addition to appropriate antimicrobial therapy.Conclusion: A fungal culture should be done in all patients with non-healing DFUs. Both fungal swab and tissue culture testing should be advocated in patients with DFUs for better mycological evaluation. The addition of antifungal medications may provide better outcomes in selected cases.
Introduction Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. Clinical assessment plays a major role; however, subtle clinical features in early stages and atypical presentation makes diagnosis ...challenging. Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen is a usual investigation that aids in diagnosis, however, it is operator dependent. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen is more accurate; however, it exposes the patient to hazardous radiation. The study aimed to combine clinical assessment and USG abdomen in the reliable diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic reliability of the Modified Alvarado Score and ultrasonography of the abdomen in acute appendicitis. Material and methods All patients with right iliac fossa pain, clinically suspected of having acute appendicitis, admitted to the department of general surgery, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, between January 2019 and July 2020, who gave consent were included. Clinically, Modified Alvarado Score (MAS) was calculated, after which patients were subjected to USG abdomen, where findings were noted and a sonologic score was calculated. The study group was the patients who needed appendicectomy (n=138). Operative findings were noted. Histopathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis was deemed as confirmatory in these cases and was correlated with MAS and USG scores to determine diagnostic accuracy. Results A combined clinicoradiological (MAS + USG) score of seven showed a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 100%. The specificity of score seven or above was 100%; however, the sensitivity at 81.8%. The diagnostic accuracy of the clinicoradiological was 87.5%. The negative appendicectomy rate was 4.34%, with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis being confirmed for 95.7% of patients upon histopathological examination. Conclusion The MAS and USG of the abdomen, which is an affordable and non-invasive tool, showed increased diagnostic reliability, and hence it can help reduce the use of CECT abdomen, as CECT abdomen is considered as a gold standard for confirmation or exclusion of diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Use of the combined scoring system of MAS and USG abdomen can be used as a cost-effective alternative.
Assessment of equipment trip is needed for proper estimation of interruption/disruption cost and voltage sag mitigation. The equipment trip depends on the severity of voltage sag and the tolerance of ...the equipment toward the sag. However, the occurrence of voltage tolerance of an equipment in between the two known bound levels is uncertain in nature. The existing evaluation methods for equipment trip analysis fail to properly assess this uncertain property of voltage tolerance curves. This paper presents a novel approach to assess the equipment trip by handling the uncertainties by using fuzzy probability and possibility distribution. A new method is proposed to transform a rigorously performed statistical data into a fuzzy possibility distribution function, which eliminates the ambiguity that comes with the non-standardized selection of membership function/possibility function. With the proposed method, the statistical data are used to extract the fuzzy probability distribution of voltage sag intensity, which is given by both the magnitude and time duration of voltage sags, while the concept of fuzzy probability is used to calculate the fuzzy trip probability or equipment failure probability. The proposed method is finally applied to estimate the number of trips for six different sensitive equipments connected to two practical Indian distribution systems.
This study examines the link between crude oil prices and stock returns in G20 countries. Using the dynamic connectedness approach and a dataset from March 24, 2014 to December 15, 2023, we found ...volatility transmission between stock returns and crude oil prices. Specifically, we observed that an average of 51.22% of shock on one asset spills over to all other assets. Additionally, our study identified the CAC 40 (France), FTSE 100 (United Kingdom), TMX (Canada), and IGBM (Spain) as major transmitters of shocks. For an in-depth understanding of the effects of crude oil prices on the stock market, we divided the countries into oil-exporting and oil-importing nations. We discovered that shock transmission in oil-exporting countries is negligible, while oil-importing countries experience significant shock transmission. Our findings have important implications for investors and policymakers, as they can maximize returns for the former and help the latter in stabilizing volatile markets.
•Examines the interconnectedness between oil price and stock returns in G20 countries.•Volatility transmission among the stock indices and oil prices.•Negligible shock transmission in oil-exporting countries.•Oil-importing countries experience significant shock transmission.
Tourism Supply chain (TSC) refers to techniques aimed at facilitating the sustainable development of tourist destinations through purchasing policies and practices. Sustainability is of particular ...importance to tour operators because their products are dependent on local operators, including accommodations, transportation, and activities. When a tour operator uses a local operator as a channel for reaching tourists, the ecotourism strategies takes on an additional dimension: which party will perform the ecotourism effort to end tourists. Cost sharing arrangement expands the option by decoupling the execution of ecotourism strategies from its funding. However, tourism is typically described as various supply chains in research, yet little is known about their ecotourism effort when considering cost-sharing. We develop a mathematical model for a tourism supply chain under two scenarios: (i) ecotourism effort without cost-sharing and (ii) ecotourism effort with cost-sharing. Using game theoretic models, we compare equilibrium outcomes under cost sharing and without cost sharing scenarios. The results show that the tourism supply chain generate more profit in without cost-sharing compare to with cost-sharing. The results of our study also indicate that the total profit is higher when the local operator performs the sustainability and a portion of the cost of the ecotourism effort is shared by the tour operator. The economic benefit to the tour operator and local operator is higher when both players dedicate their effort to ecotourism individually. A numerical example is provided to further illustrate our numerical analytical finding and gain more managerial insights.
γ‐And δ‐lactams are important structural motifs present in a wide range of natural products, biologically active molecules, and functional materials. In this work, we disclose an operationally ...simple, one‐pot, straightforward synthesis of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐lactams through a copper‐mediated cascade intramolecular amidation/C−N‐coupling sequence. Starting from the readily available, cheap γ‐/δ‐amino acids and aryl halides, a variety of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐lactams have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields under external ligand or additive‐free aerial conditions.
In this work, an operationally simple, one‐pot, straightforward synthesis of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐lactams has been disclosed. Readily available, cheap γ‐/δ‐amino acids and aryl halides were used as starting materials to synthesize a variety of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐lactams by using copper‐mediated cascade intramolecular amidation/C−N‐coupling sequence.
PDF
