► Rieger-type oscillations are caused by to r-mode oscillations in the tachocline. ► The solar neutrino flux is influenced by r-mode oscillations in the tachocline. ► The solar diameter is influenced ...by r-mode oscillations in an inner tachocline. ► The 90Sr decay rate is influenced by r-mode oscillations in the inner tachocline. ► Some nuclear decay rates appear to be influenced by the solar neutrino flux.
This article presents a comparative analysis of solar activity data, Mt Wilson diameter data, Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino data, and nuclear decay data acquired at the Lomonosov Moscow State University (LMSU). We propose that salient periodicities in all of these datasets may be attributed to r-mode oscillations. Periodicities in the solar activity data and in Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino data may be attributed to r-mode oscillations in the known tachocline, with normalized radius in the range 0.66–0.74, where the sidereal rotation rate is in the range 13.7–14.6year−1. We propose that periodicities in the Mt Wilson and LMSU data may be attributed to similar r-mode oscillations where the sidereal rotation rate is approximately 12.0year−1, which we attribute to a hypothetical “inner” tachocline separating a slowly rotating core from the radiative zone. We also discuss the possible role of the Resonant Spin Flavor Precession (RSFP) process, which leads to estimates of the neutrino magnetic moment and of the magnetic field strength in or near the solar core.
The major free glycoinositolphospholipids and protein-linked glycoinositolphospholipids in
Trypanosoma cruzi contain ceramide as the lipid moiety. Ceramide was not found in mammalian ...glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors. An alkylglycerol, either as a
lyso species or acylated has been also found in
T. cruzi anchors. However, unlike African trypanosomes, no diacylglycerol was detected in the GPI-anchors. Using a membrane preparation from epimastigotes upon labelling with UDP
3
H
GlcNAc we identified
3
H
GlcNAcPI as the first step of GPI biosynthesis. Both, alkylacylglycerol (major) and diacylglycerol are constituents of the lipid. Although inositolphosphoceramide is the main inositolphospholipid in epimastigotes, it does not incorporate GlcNAc. The de-
N-acetylation step afforded
3
H
GlcN(alkylacylglycerol)PI and we also detected the
3
H
GlcN(
lysoacyl)PI. A new metabolite, phosphoGlcN(
lysoacyl)PI, which was formed on long incorporation times, was characterized by chemical and enzymatic degradations. Several
3
H
-Man labelled GPI precursors were obtained by in vitro GDP
3
H
-Man labelling in the presence of UDPGlcNAc. All of them were sensitive to PI-PLC and to saponification conditions, thus, supporting a glycerolipid structure.
Inositol phospholipids (IPL) from epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi have been investigated by metabolic labelling with 3Hpalmitic acid and by GLC-MS analysis of the lipids obtained from ...non-labelled parasites. The IPL fraction was separated into phosphatidylinositol (PI) and inositol-phosphoceramide subfractions, the latter accounting for 80-85% of the total IPL. The neutral lipids released from the IPLs by PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from Bacillus thuringiensis were analysed by silica-gel and reverse-phase TLC for the radioactive lipids and by GLC-MS for the non-radioactive samples. Ceramides containing dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine with C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids were identified. The main component in the 3Hpalmitic acid-labelled ceramides was palmitoyldihydrosphingosine, while in the non-labelled sample the ceramides contained mainly sphingosine. This could reflect partial uptake of phospholipid from the medium. The PI contain both alkylacyl- and diacyl-glycerol lipids, with the ether lipid being more abundant. The latter was identified as 1-O-hexadecylglycerol esterified by C18:2 and C18:1 fatty kids. Interestingly, the same lipid had been identified in the anchor of the 1G7 glycoprotein of T. cruzi metacyclic forms.
GOLF in-flight commissioning and calibration was carried out during the first four months, most of which represented the cruise phase of SOHO towards its final L1 orbit. The initial performance of ...GOLF is shown to be within the design specification, for the entire instrument as well as for the separate sub-systems. Malfunctioning of the polarising mechanisms after 3 to 4 months operation has led to the adoption of an unplanned operating sequence in which these mechanisms are no longer used. This mode, which measures only the blue wing of the solar sodium lines, detracts little from the detection and frequency measurements of global oscillations, but does make more difficult the absolute velocity calibration, which is currently of the order of 20%. Data continuity in the new mode is extremely high and the instrument is producing exceptionally noise-free p-mode spectra. The data set is particularly well suited to the study of effects due to the excitation mechanism of the modes, leading to temporal variations in their amplitudes. The g modes have not yet been detected in this limited data set. In the present mode of operation, there are no indications of any degradation which would limit the use of GOLF for up to 6 years or more.
In a previous paper (Varadi et al.), random-lag singular spectrum analysis was introduced for finding oscillations in very noisy and long time series. This work presents a generalization of the ...technique to search for common oscillations in two or more time series.
The lipid moiety in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi consists of an alkylacylglycerol, a lysoalkylglycerol or a ceramide. Previously, we showed that the ...inositolphosphoceramides (IPCs) are the major components in the precursor inositolphospholipids of epimastigote and trypomastigote forms. Using (3)H-labelled subfractions of IPC, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) as substrates with a cell-free system, we now demonstrate the association of at least five enzyme activities with the trypanosomal membranous particulate material. These include: phospholipase A(1) and phospholipase A(2), enzymes that release free fatty acid from the PI and GIPLs; an acyltransferase responsible for the acylation of the generated monoacyl or monoalkylglycerolipids with endogenous unlabelled fatty acid; two activities of phospholipase C, one releasing ceramide from IPC and the other alkylacylglycerol, alkylglycerol or diacylglycerol from PI. The neutral lipids were also generated on incubation of the GIPLs. The phospholipase C activities were inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonic acid, as reported for other PI phospholipases C. An IPC-fatty-acid hydrolase, releasing fatty acid from the labelled IPC, was also observed. The enzyme activities reported in the present study may be acting in remodelling reactions leading to the anchor of the mature glycoproteins of T. cruzi.
Modifications in content and lipid composition induced by fasting were examined in fat bodies from adults of Triatominae, Dipetalogaster maximus, Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus. With ...fasting, total lipid stores dropped approximately 50% for T. infestans and more than 70% for P. megistus. Total lipids analyzed by thin layer chromatography and fractionated by column chromatography on Unisil showed triacylglycerols as the main component in the three species, although P. megistus showed high levels of diacylglycerols (31-46%). Cholesterol amounted to 8-15%. In diacylglycerol fractions, C16:0, C18:1 and C18:0 fatty acids were detected; their ratio varied with species but it was not dependent on nutritional status. In triacylglycerol fractions C18:1 fatty acid was the major component at different times (48-68%); the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated in this fraction was 1.3, 2.6 and 1.2 for D. maximus, T. infestans and P. megistus respectively. The remarkable drop in lipid stores without noticeable changes in their relative composition would suggest that all types of lipid are used at similar rates. The higher content of diacylglycerols in P. megistus may be associated with the better flight performance of this species.
It is well established that both total and spectral solar irradiance are modulated by variable magnetic activity on the solar surface. However, there is still disagreement about the contribution of ...individual solar features for changes in the solar output, in particular over decadal time scales. Ionized CaiiK line spectroheliograms are one of the major resources for these long-term trend studies, mainly because such measurements have been available now for more than 100 years. In this paper we introduce a new CaiiK plage and active network index time series derived from the digitization of almost 40000 photographic solar images that were obtained at the 60-foot solar tower, between 1915 and 1985, as a part of the monitoring program of the Mount Wilson Observatory. We describe here the procedure we applied to calibrate the images and the properties of our new defined index, which is strongly correlated to the average fractional area of the visible solar disk occupied by plages and active network. We show that the long-term variation of this index is in an excellent agreement with the 11-year solar-cycle trend determined from the annual international sunspot numbers series. Our time series agrees also very well with similar indicators derived from a different reduction of the same data base and other CaiiK spectroheliograms long-term synoptic programs, such as those at Kodaikanal Observatory (India), and at the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak (USA). Finally, we show that using appropriate proxies it is possible to extend this time series up to date, making this data set one of the longest CaiiK index series currently available.
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