This article reports enhancement in the specific capacitance of Mg-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized through a simple and low-cost solvothermal method. The synthesized NPs were ...investigated through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrostatic impedance spectroscopy studies. The specific capacitance, as determined through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge characteristics, respectively, was found to be 523 and 55 F g
−1
for undoped samples. Whereas it exhibited an increase with Mg doping and was found to be 981 and 134 F g
−1
, respectively. Also, according to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the enhancement of ion diffusion was found to be the major cause for enhancement in capacitive performance of Mg-doped NPs.
The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons ( K*0 and ϕ ) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element ρ 00 is measured at ...midrapidity ( | y | < 0.5 ) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy ( √sNN ) of 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector. ρ 00 values are found to be less than 1/3 (1/3 implies no spin alignment) at low transverse momentum ( p T < 2 GeV / c ) for K*0 and ϕ at a level of 3 σ and 2 σ , respectively. No significant spin alignment is observed for the K0S meson ( spin = 0 ) in Pb-Pb collisions and for the vector mesons in p p collisions. The measured spin alignment is unexpectedly large but qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute it to a polarization of quarks in the presence of angular momentum in heavy-ion collisions and a subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination.
A
bstract
We report the measured transverse momentum (
p
T
) spectra of primary charged particles from pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy
s
N
N
=
5.02
TeV in the kinematic range ...of 0
.
15
< p
T
<
50 GeV/
c
and |
η
|
<
0
.
8. A significant improvement of systematic uncertainties motivated the reanalysis of data in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at
s
N
N
=
2.76
TeV, as well as in p-Pb collisions at
s
N
N
=
5.02
TeV, which is also presented. Spectra from Pb-Pb collisions are presented in nine centrality intervals and are compared to a reference spectrum from pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. For central collisions, the
p
T
spectra are suppressed by more than a factor of 7 around 6–7 GeV/
c
with a significant reduction in suppression towards higher momenta up to 30 GeV/
c
. The nuclear modification factor
R
pPb
, constructed from the pp and p-Pb spectra measured at the same collision energy, is consistent with unity above 8 GeV/
c
. While the spectra in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions are substantially harder at
s
N
N
=
5.02
TeV compared to 2.76 TeV, the nuclear modification factors show no significant collision energy dependence. The obtained results should provide further constraints on the parton energy loss calculations to determine the transport properties of the hot and dense QCD matter.
Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients (vn) and their cross-correlations using two- and multiparticle cumulant methods are reported in collisions of pp at s=13 TeV, p−Pb at a center-of-mass ...energy per nucleon pair sNN=5.02 TeV, Xe-Xe at sNN=5.44 TeV, and Pb-Pb at sNN=5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The multiplicity dependence of vn is studied in a very wide range from 20 to 3000 particles produced in the midrapidity region |η|<0.8 for the transverse momentum range 0.2<pT<3.0 GeV/c. An ordering of the coefficients v2>v3>v4 is found in pp and p−Pb collisions, similar to that seen in large collision systems, while a weak v2 multiplicity dependence is observed relative to nucleus-nucleus collisions in the same multiplicity range. Using a novel subevent method, v2 measured with four-particle cumulants is found to be compatible with that from six-particle cumulants in pp and p−Pb collisions. The magnitude of the correlation between vn2 and vm2, evaluated with the symmetric cumulants SC(m,n) is observed to be positive at all multiplicities for v2 and v4, while for v2 and v3 it is negative and changes sign for multiplicities below 100, which may indicate a different vn fluctuation pattern in this multiplicity range. The observed long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlations in high multiplicity pp and p−Pb collisions can neither be described by pythia 8 nor by impact-parameter-Glasma, music, and ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics model calculations, and hence, provide new insights into the understanding of collective effects in small collision systems.
The production rates and the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons at mid-rapidity (
y
<
0.5
) are measured in proton-proton collisions at
s
= 13 TeV as a function of the charged ...particle multiplicity, using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The production rates of
K
S
0
,
Λ
,
Ξ
, and
Ω
increase with the multiplicity faster than what is reported for inclusive charged particles. The increase is found to be more pronounced for hadrons with a larger strangeness content. Possible auto-correlations between the charged particles and the strange hadrons are evaluated by measuring the event-activity with charged particle multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. When comparing to lower energy results, the yields of strange hadrons are found to depend only on the mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity. Several features of the data are reproduced qualitatively by general purpose QCD Monte Carlo models that take into account the effect of densely-packed QCD strings in high multiplicity collisions. However, none of the tested models reproduce the data quantitatively. This work corroborates and extends the ALICE findings on strangeness production in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV.
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v1) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV . Results are reported for charged ...hadrons and D 0 mesons for the transverse momentum intervals p T > 0.2 GeV / c and 3 < p T < 6 GeV / c in the 5%–40% and 10%–40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v 1 has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity η , dΔv1/dη = 1.68 ± 0.49 ( stat ) ± 0.41 ( syst ) × 10−4 . The same measurement for D0 and ¯ D0 mesons yields a positive value d Δv1/dη = 4.9 ± 1.7 ( stat ) ± 0.6 ( syst ) × 10−1, which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Δv1 of charged hadrons and D0 mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of d Δv1/dη for both light flavor and charmed hadrons.
This paper presents the measurements of
π
±
,
K
±
,
p
and
p
¯
transverse momentum (
p
T
) spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density in proton–proton (pp) collisions at
s
=
13
TeV
...with the ALICE detector at the LHC. Such study allows us to isolate the center-of-mass energy dependence of light-flavour particle production. The measurements reported here cover a
p
T
range from 0.1 to 20
GeV
/
c
and are done in the rapidity interval
|
y
|
<
0.5
. The
p
T
-differential particle ratios exhibit an evolution with multiplicity, similar to that observed in pp collisions at
s
=
7
TeV
, which is qualitatively described by some of the hydrodynamical and pQCD-inspired models discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the
p
T
-integrated hadron-to-pion yield ratios measured in pp collisions at two different center-of-mass energies are consistent when compared at similar multiplicities. This also extends to strange and multi-strange hadrons, suggesting that, at LHC energies, particle hadrochemistry scales with particle multiplicity the same way under different collision energies and colliding systems.
Multi-location experiments on maize were conducted from 2016 to 2019 at ten locations distributed across two agro-climatic zones (ACZ) i.e., ACZ-3 and ACZ-8 of Karnataka, India. Individual analysis ...of variance for each location-year combination showed significant differences among the hybrids; similarly, combined analysis showed a higher proportion of GE interaction variance than due to genotype. Mega-environments were identified using biplot approaches such as AMMI, GGE, and WAASB methodologies for the years 2016 to 2019. The BLUP method revealed a high correlation between grain yield and stability indices ranging from 0.67 to 1.0. Considering all three methods together, the three location pairs Arabhavi-Belavatagi, Bailhongal-Belavatagi, and Hagari-Sirguppa had three occurrences in the same mega-environment with a value of 0.67, and these location combinations consistently produced winning genotypes. Among the common winning genotypes identified, it was G7 during 2016 and 2017 and G10 during 2018 and 2019, based on WAASBY. The likelihood of Arabhavi-Nippani, Hagari-Mudhol, and Dharwad-Hagari occurring in the same mega-environment is minimal because they did not share the same winning genotype, with the exception of a small number of events. Despite being in the same agro-climatic zone, Arabhavi, Hagari, and Mudhol rarely had a winning genotype in common. An agro-climatic zone is grouped based on climatic and soil conditions which doesn't consider GE interaction of cultivars thus, releasing the cultivars for commercial cultivation considering mega environments pattern would enhance the yield for the given target region.
The production cross sections for prompt charmed mesons
D
0
,
D
+
,
D
∗
+
and
D
s
+
were measured at mid-rapidity in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy
s
=
7
TeV
with the ALICE ...detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). D mesons were reconstructed from their decays
D
0
→
K
-
π
+
,
D
+
→
K
-
π
+
π
+
,
D
∗
+
→
D
0
π
+
,
D
s
+
→
ϕ
π
+
→
K
-
K
+
π
+
, and their charge conjugates.With respect to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the coverage in transverse momentum (
p
T
) is extended and the uncertainties are reduced by a factor of about two. The accuracy on the estimated total
c
c
¯
production cross section is likewise improved. The measured
p
T
-differential cross sections are compared with the results of three perturbative QCD calculations.
A
bstract
The
p
T
-differential production cross sections of prompt and non-prompt (produced in beauty-hadron decays) D mesons were measured by the ALICE experiment at midrapidity (
|
y
|
<
0
.
5) in ...proton-proton collisions at
s
= 5
.
02 TeV. The data sample used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of (19
.
3
±
0
.
4) nb
−
1
. D mesons were reconstructed from their decays D
0
→
K
−
π
+
, D
+
→
K
−
π
+
π
+
, and
D
s
+
→
ϕ
π
+
→
K
−
K
+
π
+
and their charge conjugates. Compared to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the cross sections of prompt D
+
and
D
s
+
mesons have an extended
p
T
coverage and total uncertainties reduced by a factor ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, depending on
p
T
, allowing for a more precise determination of their
p
T
-integrated cross sections. The results are well described by perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of heavy quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons,
f
s
/
(
f
u
+
f
d
), is compatible for charm and beauty quarks and with previous measurements at different centre-of-mass energies and collision systems. The
b
b
¯
production cross section per rapidity unit at midrapidity, estimated from non-prompt D-meson measurements, is
d
σ
b
b
¯
/
d
y
y
<
0.5
=
34.5
±
2.4
stat
−
2.9
+
4.7
tot
.
syst
μb. It is compatible with previous measurements at the same centre-of-mass energy and with the cross section pre- dicted by perturbative QCD calculations.
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