The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the rates of major complications, other associated adverse events, reintervention, and clinical improvement from studies reporting complications of ...uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas.
PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for publications on the treatment of leiomyomas by UAE. Data pertaining to study characteristics, numbers of complications, symptomatic improvement, and reinterventions were collected by two readers. Pooled event rates were calculated using a random effects method.
Fifty-four study populations met the inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 8159 patients. There were no reported deaths. Major complications occurred at a rate of 2.9% (95% CI, 2.2-3.8%). The rate of hysterectomy for resolution of a complication from UAE was 0.7% (0.5-0.9%), and the rate of readmission was 2.7% (1.9-3.7%). Multiple other specific complications were recorded including leiomyoma tissue passage (4.7% 3.9-5.7%), deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (0.2% 0.2-0.4%), and permanent amenorrhea (3.9% 2.7-5.3%). Reintervention rates including repeat UAE, myomectomy, or hysterectomy calculated per patient-year occurred at 5.3% (4.2-6.4%) with follow-up ranging from 0.25 to 5 years. Clinical symptomatic improvement ranged from 78% to 90%, with follow-up ranging from 0.25 to 2 years.
Symptomatic uterine leiomyoma treatment by UAE is an effective procedure with a low rate of major complications supporting its use as an alternative to hysterectomy.
A
bstract
We explore the notion of isometries in non-Riemannian geometries. Such geometries include and generalise the backgrounds of non-relativistic string theory, and they can be naturally ...described using the formalism of double field theory. Adopting this approach, we first solve the corresponding Killing equations for constant flat non-Riemannian backgrounds and show that they admit an infinite-dimensional algebra of isometries which includes a particular type of supertranslations. These symmetries correspond to known worldsheet Noether symmetries of the Gomis-Ooguri non-relativistic string, which we now interpret as isometries of its non-Riemannian doubled background. We further consider the extension to supersymmetric double field theory and show that the corresponding Killing spinors can depend arbitrarily on the non-Riemannian directions, leading to “supersupersymmetries” that square to supertranslations.
To better understand the bioaccumulation behavior of perfluoroalkyl contaminants (PFCs), we conducted a comparative analysis of PFCs and lipophilic organohalogens in a Canadian Arctic marine food ...web. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctansulfoamide (PFOSA), and C7−C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) ranged between 0.01 and 0.1 ng·g−1 dry wt in sediments and 0.1 and 40 ng·g−1 wet wt in biota, which was equivalent to or higher than levels of PCBs, PBDEs, and organochlorine pesticides. In beluga whales, PFOS and PFCA concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in protein-rich compartments (liver and blood), compared to other tissues/fluids (milk, blubber, muscle, and fetus). In the marine mammalian food web, concentrations of PFOSA and lipophilic organochlorines (ng·g−1 lipid equivalent) and proteinophilic substances (i.e., PFOS and C8−C14 PFCAs, ng·g−1 protein) increased significantly (P < 0.05) with trophic level. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of organochlorines ranged between 5 and 14 and exhibited significant curvilinear relationships (P < 0.05) with octanol−water and octanol−air partition coefficients (K OW, K OA). TMFs of perfluorinated acids (PFAs) ranged between 2 and 11 and exhibited similar correlation (P < 0.05) with protein−water and protein−air partition coefficients (K PW, K PA). PFAs did not biomagnify in the aquatic piscivorous food web (TMF range: 0.3−2). This food web specific biomagnification behavior was attributed to the high aqueous solubility and low volatility of PFAs. Specifically, the anticipated phase-partitioning of these proteinophilic substances, represented by their protein−water (K PW) and protein−air (K PA) partition coefficients, likely results in efficient respiratory elimination in water-respiring organisms but very slow elimination and biomagnification in air-breathing animals. Lastly, the results indicate that PFOS exposure in nursing Hudson Bay beluga whale calves (CI95 range = 2.7 × 10−5 to 1.8 × 10−4 mg·kg bw−1·d−1), exceeds the oral reference dose for PFOS (7.5 × 10−5 mg·kg bw−1·d−1), which raises concern for potential biological effects in these and other sensitive Arctic marine wildlife species.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an important pest of maize in the Americas and has recently been introduced into Africa. Fall armyworm populations have developed ...resistance to control strategies that depend on insecticides and transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. The study of various resistance mechanisms at the molecular level and the development novel control strategies have been hampered by a lack of functional genomic tools such as gene editing in this pest. In the current study, we explored the possibility of using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to modify the genome of FAW. We first identified and characterized the abdominal-A (Sfabd-A) gene of FAW. Sfabd-A single guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 protein were then injected into 244 embryos of FAW. Sixty-two embryos injected with Sfabd-A sgRNA hatched. Of these hatched embryos, twelve developed into larvae that displayed typical aba-A mutant phenotypes such as fused segments. Of the twelve mutant larvae, three and five eventually developed into female and male moths, respectively. Most mutant moths were sterile, and one female produced a few unviable eggs when it was outcrossed to a wild-type male. Genotyping of 20 unhatched Sfabd-A sgRNA-injected embryos and 42 moths that developed from Sfabd-A sgRNA-injected embryos showed that 100% of the unhatched embryos and 50% of the moths contained indel mutations at the Sfabd-A genomic locus near the guide RNA target site. These results suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is highly efficient in editing FAW genome. Importantly, this gene editing technology can be used to validate gene function to facilitate an understanding of the resistance mechanism and lead to the development of novel pest management approaches.
Episodic increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are thought to contribute to improved cerebrovascular function and health. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) may be a useful modality to increase CBF ...secondary to the hydrostatic pressure placed on the body. However, it is unclear whether water temperatures common to the general public elicit similar cerebrovascular responses. We tested the hypothesis that mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (CVRCO2) would be higher during an acute bout of thermoneutral (TN; 35°C) vs. cool (COOL; 25°C) HOWI. Ten healthy participants (age: 23±3 y; 4 women) completed two randomized HOWI visits. Right MCAvmean, end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) mean arterial pressure (MAP), and MCA conductance (MCAvmean/MAP) were continuously recorded. CVRCO2 was assessed using a stepped hypercapnia protocol before (PRE), at 30 minutes of HOWI (HOWI), immediately after HOWI (POST-1), and 45 minutes after HOWI (POST-2). Absolute values are reported as mean ± SD. MCAvmean, PETCO2, MAP, and CVRCO2 were not different between conditions at any timepoint (all P≥0.17). In COOL, MCAvmean increased from PRE (61±9 cm/s) during HOWI (68±11 cm/s), at POST-1 (69±11 cm/s), and POST-2 (72±8 cm/s) (all P<0.01), and in TN from PRE to POST-1 (66±13 vs. 71±14 cm/s; P = 0.05). PETCO2 did not change over time in either condition. In COOL, MAP increased from PRE (85±5 mmHg) during HOWI (101±4 mmHg), at POST-1 (97±7 mmHg), and POST-2 (96±9 mmHg), and in TN from PRE (88±5 mmHg) at HOWI (98±7 mmHg) and POST-1 (99±8 mmHg) (all P<0.01). In COOL, CVRCO2 increased from PRE to HOWI (1.66±0.55 vs. 1.92±0.52 cm/s/mmHg; P = 0.04). MCA conductance was not different between or within conditions. These data indicate that 30 minutes of cool HOWI augments MCAvmean and that the increase in MCAvmean persists beyond cool HOWI. However, cool HOWI does not alter CVRCO2 in healthy young adults.
Abstract
Using new ultraviolet (UV) spectra of five background quasars from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we analyze the low-latitude (
) regions of the Fermi ...Bubbles, the giant gamma-ray-emitting lobes at the Galactic Center. We combine these data with previous UV and atomic hydrogen (H
i
) data sets to build a comprehensive picture of the kinematics and metal column densities of the cool outflowing clouds entrained in the Fermi Bubbles. We find that the number of UV absorption components per sight line decreases as a function of increasing latitude, suggesting that the outflowing clouds become less common with increasing latitude. The Fermi Bubble H
i
clouds are accelerated up to
b
∼ 7°, whereas when we model the UV Fermi Bubbles clouds’ deprojected flow velocities, we find that they are flat or even accelerating with distance from the Galactic center. This trend, which holds in both the northern and southern hemispheres, indicates that the nuclear outflow accelerates clouds throughout the Fermi Bubbles or has an acceleration phase followed by a coasting phase. Finally, we note the existence of several blueshifted high-velocity clouds at latitudes exceeding ∼30°, whose velocities cannot be explained by gas clouds confined to the inside of the gamma-ray-defined Fermi Bubbles. These anomalous-velocity clouds are likely in front of the Fermi Bubbles and could be remnants from past nuclear outflows. Overall, these observations form a valuable set of empirical data on the properties of cool gas in nuclear winds from star-forming galaxies.
In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order
Bunyavirales
was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of ...two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order
Bunyavirales
now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Pyrethroid insecticides have been used to control larvae or adults of the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, a key pest of field corn in the United States. In ...response to reports of reduced efficacy of pyrethroids in WCR management programs in southwestern areas of Nebraska and Kansas the present research was designed to establish a baseline of susceptibility to the pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, using susceptible laboratory populations and to compare this baseline with susceptibility of field populations. Concentration-response bioassays were performed to estimate the baseline susceptibility. From the baseline data, a diagnostic concentration (LC99) was determined and used to test adults of both laboratory and field populations. Larval susceptibility was also tested using both laboratory and field populations. Significant differences were recorded in adult and larval susceptibility among WCR field and laboratory populations. The highest LC50 for WCR adults was observed in populations from Keith 2 and Chase Counties, NE, with LC50s of 2.2 and 1.38 μg/vial, respectively, and Finney County 1, KS, with 1.43 μg/vial, as compared to a laboratory non-diapause population (0.24 μg/vial). For larvae, significant differences between WCR field and laboratory populations were also recorded. Significant differences in mortalities at the diagnostic bifenthrin concentration (LC99) were observed among WCR adult populations with western Corn Belt populations exhibiting lower susceptibility to bifenthrin, especially in southwestern Nebraska and southwestern Kansas. This study provides evidence that resistance to bifenthrin is evolving in field populations that have been exposed for multiple years to pyrethroid insecticides. Implications to sustainable rootworm management are discussed.
Faithful cellular differentiation requires temporally precise activation of gene expression programs, which are coordinated at the transcriptional and translational levels. Neurons express the most ...complex set of mRNAs of any human tissue, but translational changes during neuronal differentiation remain incompletely understood. Here, we induced forebrain neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and measured genome-wide RNA and translation levels with transcript-isoform resolution. We found that thousands of genes change translation status during differentiation without a corresponding change in RNA level. Specifically, we identified mTOR signaling as a key driver for elevated translation of translation-related genes in hESCs. In contrast, translational repression in active neurons is mediated by regulatory sequences in 3′ UTRs. Together, our findings identify extensive translational control changes during human neuronal differentiation and a crucial role of 3′ UTRs in driving cell-type-specific translation.
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•Translational control of genes and transcripts during human neuronal differentiation•mTOR signaling promotes translation of translation-related genes selectively in hESCs•5′ UTRs influence global translation; 3′ UTRs control cell-type-specific translation•Long 3′ UTRs preferentially downregulate translation in neurons
Many 3′ UTRs extend dramatically during neurogenesis, sometimes by over 10 kb. Blair et al. use complementary deep-sequencing approaches to identify post-transcriptional regulation by UTRs in human neurons. They find that mTORC1 promotes translation of translation-related genes in hESCs, while 3′ UTRs downregulate translation selectively in active neuronal cultures.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) provide many opportunities in imaging, diagnostics, and therapy in nanomedicine. For the assessment of AuNP biokinetics, we intratracheally instilled into rats a suite of ...198Au-radio-labeled monodisperse, well-characterized, negatively charged AuNP of five different sizes (1.4, 2.8, 5, 18, 80, 200 nm) and 2.8 nm AuNP with positive surface charges. At 1, 3, and 24 h, the biodistribution of the AuNP was quantitatively measured by gamma-spectrometry to be used for comprehensive risk assessment. Our study shows that as AuNP get smaller, they are more likely to cross the air–blood barrier (ABB) depending strongly on the inverse diameter d –1 of their gold core, i.e., their specific surface area (SSA). So, 1.4 nm AuNP (highest SSA) translocated most, while 80 nm AuNP (lowest SSA) translocated least, but 200 nm particles did not follow the d –1 relation translocating significantly higher than 80 nm AuNP. However, relative to the AuNP that had crossed the ABB, their retention in most of the secondary organs and tissues was SSA-independent. Only renal filtration, retention in blood, and excretion via urine further declined with d –1 of AuNP core. Translocation of 5, 18, and 80 nm AuNP is virtually complete after 1 h, while 1.4 nm AuNP continue to translocate until 3 h. Translocation of negatively charged 2.8 nm AuNP was significantly higher than for positively charged 2.8 nm AuNP. Our study shows that translocation across the ABB and accumulation and retention in secondary organs and tissues are two distinct processes, both depending specifically on particle characteristics such as SSA and surface charge.
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