The robustness of reverse osmosis (RO) against polar organic micropollutants (MPs) was investigated in pilot-scale drinking water treatment. Experiments were carried in hypoxic conditions to treat a ...raw anaerobic riverbank filtrate spiked with a mixture of thirty model compounds. The chemicals were selected from scientific literature data based on their relevance for the quality of freshwater systems, RO permeate and drinking water. MPs passage and the influence of permeate flux were evaluated with a typical low-pressure RO membrane and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. A strong inverse correlation between size and passage of neutral hydrophilic compounds was observed. This correlation was weaker for moderately hydrophobic MPs. Anionic MPs displayed nearly no passage due to electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged membrane surface, whereas breakthrough of small cationic MPs could be observed. The passage figures observed for the investigated set of MPs ranged from less than 1%–25%. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between physicochemical properties and passage. The effects of permeate flux were more pronounced for small neutral MPs, which displayed a higher passage after a pressure drop.
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•Strong size-passage correlation for neutral hydrophilic organics (logD<2).•Weaker size-passage correlation for moderately hydrophobic organics (logD>2).•Passage of cationic organics was higher than that of anions of comparable size.•Low permeate flux resulted in increased passage of small neutral polar organics.•Higher salt and organic passage observed for at least 5 h following a pressure drop.
Why do some countries get rich and other countries don't? Does one country's gain mean another country's loss? How do we address the biggest challenge of all: the fact that our environment suffers ...when we all want to have our share of the cake? These key questions in international economics and business are addressed in this timely book. Covering issues such as economic growth, the drivers of economic growth and international competition, pollution and the division of labor, the book focuses on China's emergence, but examples of other countries provide context and perspective. Written in a jargon-free style yet extremely well-researched, it is suitable for economists and non-economists alike.
China rising Blankert, Jan Willem; Blankert, Jan Willem
2009., Volume:
3
eBook
Why do some countries get rich and other countries don't? Does one country's gain mean another country's loss? How do we address the biggest challenge of all: the fact that our environment suffers ...when we all want to have our share of the cake? These key questions in international economics and business are addressed in this timely book. Covering issues such as economic growth, the drivers of economic growth and international competition, pollution and the division of labor, the book focuses on China's emergence, but examples of other countries provide context and perspective. Written in a jargon-free style yet extremely well-researched, it is suitable for economists and non-economists alike.
Intro Jan Willem Blankert
China Rising: Will The West Be Able To Cope? The Real Long-term Challenge Of The Rise Of China -- And Asia In General,
2009, Volume:
3
Book Chapter
V. Then the World Changed: Crisis Jan Willem Blankert
China Rising: Will The West Be Able To Cope? The Real Long-term Challenge Of The Rise Of China -- And Asia In General,
2009, Volume:
3
Book Chapter
II. The West Competing with Low-Wage China Jan Willem Blankert
China Rising: Will The West Be Able To Cope? The Real Long-term Challenge Of The Rise Of China -- And Asia In General,
2009, Volume:
3
Book Chapter
I. In Perspective: Long-Term Economic Growth Jan Willem Blankert
China Rising: Will The West Be Able To Cope? The Real Long-term Challenge Of The Rise Of China -- And Asia In General,
2009, Volume:
3
Book Chapter
About This Book: Main Issues Jan Willem Blankert
China Rising: Will The West Be Able To Cope? The Real Long-term Challenge Of The Rise Of China -- And Asia In General,
2009, Volume:
3
Book Chapter
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