To characterize residential social vulnerability among healthcare personnel (HCP) and evaluate its association with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Case-control ...study.
This study analyzed data collected in May-December 2020 through sentinel and population-based surveillance in healthcare facilities in Colorado, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, and Oregon.
Data from 2,168 HCP (1,571 cases and 597 controls from the same facilities) were analyzed.
HCP residential addresses were linked to the social vulnerability index (SVI) at the census tract level, which represents a ranking of community vulnerability to emergencies based on 15 US Census variables. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by positive antigen or real-time reverse-transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test on nasopharyngeal swab. Significant differences by SVI in participant characteristics were assessed using the Fisher exact test. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between case status and SVI, controlling for HCP role and patient care activities, were estimated using logistic regression.
Significantly higher proportions of certified nursing assistants (48.0%) and medical assistants (44.1%) resided in high SVI census tracts, compared to registered nurses (15.9%) and physicians (11.6%). HCP cases were more likely than controls to live in high SVI census tracts (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.37-2.26).
These findings suggest that residing in more socially vulnerable census tracts may be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among HCP and that residential vulnerability differs by HCP role. Efforts to safeguard the US healthcare workforce and advance health equity should address the social determinants that drive racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic health disparities.
A search for heavy neutral lepton production in K+ decays using a data sample collected with a minimum bias trigger by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2015 is reported. Upper limits at the 10−7 to ...10−6 level are established on the elements of the extended neutrino mixing matrix |Ue4|2 and |Uμ4|2 for heavy neutral lepton mass in the ranges 170–448 MeV/c2 and 250–373 MeV/c2, respectively. This improves on the previous limits from HNL production searches over the whole mass range considered for |Ue4|2, and above 300 MeV/c2 for |Uμ4|2.
In a previous paper we analyzed fermion masses (focusing on neutrino masses and mixing angles) in an SO(10) SUSY GUT with U(2)xU(1){sup n} family symmetry. The model is ''natural'' containing all ...operators in the Lagrangian consistent with the states and their charges. With minimal family symmetry breaking vacuum expectation values (VEVs) the model is also predictive giving a unique solution to atmospheric (with maximal {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub {tau}} mixing) and solar (with SMA MSW {nu}{sub e}{yields}{nu}{sub s} mixing) neutrino oscillations. In this paper we analyze the case of general family breaking VEVs. We now find several new solutions for three, four, and five neutrinos. For three neutrinos we now obtain SMA MSW, LMA MSW, or vacuum oscillation solutions for solar neutrinos. In all three cases the atmospheric data are described by maximal {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub {tau}} mixing. In the four and five neutrino cases, in addition to fitting atmospheric and solar data as before, we are now able to fit LSND data. All this is obtained with the additional parameters coming from the family symmetry breaking VEVs, providing only minor changes in the charged fermion fits. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
We use t, b, tau Yukawa unification to constrain supersymmetry parameter space. We find a narrow region survives for mu>0 (suggested by b-->sgamma and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon) with ...A0 approximately -1.9m(16), m(10) approximately 1.4m(16), m(16) approximately 1200-3000 GeV and muM(1/2) approximately 100-500 GeV. Demanding Yukawa unification thus makes definite predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses.
In this paper we present a predictive SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified theory with the family symmetry U(2)xU(1) which has several nice features. We are able to fit fermion masses and mixing ...angles, including recent neutrino data, with nine parameters in the charged fermion sector and four in the neutrino sector. The family symmetry plays a preeminent role. (i) The model is ''natural''--we include all terms allowed by the symmetry. It restricts the number of arbitrary parameters and enforces many zeros in the effective mass matrices. (ii) Family symmetry breaking from U(2)xU(1){yields}U(1){yields} nothing generates the family hierarchy. It also constrains squark and slepton mass matrices, thus ameliorating flavor violation resulting from squark and slepton loop contributions. (iii) It naturally gives large angle {nu}{sub {mu}}-{nu}{sub {tau}} mixing describing atmospheric neutrino oscillation data and small angle {nu}{sub e}-{nu}{sub s} mixing, consistent with the small mixing angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) solution to solar neutrino data. (iv) Finally, in this paper we assume minimal family symmetry-breaking vacuum expectation values (VEV's). As a result we cannot obtain a three neutrino solution to both atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations. In addition, the solution discussed here cannot fit liquid scintillation neutrino detector (LSND) data even though this solution requires a sterile neutrino {nu}{sub s}. It is important to note, however, that with nonminimal family symmetry-breaking VEV's, a three neutrino solution is possible with the small mixing angle MSW solution to solar neutrino data and large angle {nu}{sub {mu}}-{nu}{sub {tau}} mixing describing atmospheric neutrino oscillation data. In the four neutrino case, nonminimal family VEV's may also permit a solution for LSND. The results with nonminimal family breaking are still under investigation and will be reported in a future paper. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
We examine the potentially very promising signal Bs→μ+μ− in supersymmetry with large tanβ in a top-down approach starting from the best fits of an SO(10)-like model studied recently. Our results go ...beyond minimal flavour violation investigated in previous works. We show that the absolute best fits provide a signal for Bs→μ+μ− at the borderline of the present limits and hence the ongoing search at the Tevatron will start having an impact on the global analysis of this class of SUSY models. We discuss the implications of a measurement of Bs→μ+μ− for restricting the parameter space of gauginos and sfermion masses, and of signals in other channels Bd,s→ℓ+ℓ−. We also discuss correlations of Bs→μ+μ− with the CP-odd Higgs mass, sin(β−α) and b→sγ in SO(10)-like models.
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