Performances of the CsI(Tl) detector element of the GLAST calorimeter Bédérède, D.; Bougamont, E.; Bourgeois, Ph ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2004, Volume:
518, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The CsI(Tl) Detector Element (CDE) is the unit of detection of the calorimeter subsystem of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) of the GLAST satellite (IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, 2002), which will be ...launched in September 2006. The LAT consists of 4×4 identical towers, each one including a strip silicon tracker on the top and a CsI(Tl) calorimeter on the bottom. A segmented plastic scintillator anticoincidence detector surrounds the 16 towers. The calorimeter modules, 8 layers of 12 CDEs each, have a hodoscope's shape to allow the measurement of the gamma-ray direction.
The CDE main characteristics are its Light Yield, the energy resolution and the tapering, ratio of left/right signals used for the determination of the crossing position of the particle in the crystal.
The CDE have to operate in space at about −10°C. We will describe the CDE, the optimization of its main parameter, the L.Y., and finally its variation with temperature.
The DIRC particle identification system for the B aB ar experiment Adam, I.; Aleksan, R.; Amerman, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
2005, Volume:
538, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A new type of ring-imaging Cherenkov detector is being used for hadronic particle identification in the B
aB
ar experiment at the SLAC B Factory (PEP-II). This detector is called DIRC, an acronym for ...Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov (Light). This paper will discuss the construction, operation and performance of the B
aB
ar DIRC in detail.
Cost-effectiveness and cost per successful treatment has been evaluated in 186 outpatients randomised to treat moderate to severe migraine attacks either with subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg (n = 97) ...or with their current therapy (n = 89) during an open, multicentre study of 3 months. Within 2 hours, headache severity decreased to none/mild in 86% of all attacks in the sumatriptan group (STG) compared to 25% in the customary group (CTG). Migraine was alleviated earlier in the STG than in the CTG (median 3.78 vs. 13.39 hours, p < 0.0001). The direct and total cost of treatment was 133 and 2012 BF, respectively, in the CTG and 1400 and 2522 BF, respectively, in the STG. Measuring the effectiveness of earlier pain relief with sumatriptan, the incremental cost-effective ratios for direct and total cost were 132 and 53 BF per hour of relieved pain, respectively. For this price, significantly more sumatriptan patients improved their quality of life by more than 20% (61.6 vs. 20.6% patients, p < 0.001) and less sumatriptan patient consulted a medical professional (11.3 vs. 29.2% patients, p < 0.01), used less medication for adverse events (6.2 vs. 22.5%, p < 0.001) and suffered less from associated migraine symptoms. The median number of hours of diminished work-efficiency (3 vs. 7 hours, p < 0.01) or of suspension of non-professional activity (10 vs. 24 hours, p < 0.001) was also significantly lower in the STG. The total cost per successfully treated patient was lower in the STG. Sumatriptan is more effective, provides a better quality of life, reduces health care resource utilisation, and improves work productivity as compared to the CTG, thereby resulting in a favourable cost-effectiveness ratio.
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