Results from a prototype TES detector for the Ricochet experiment Augier, C.; Baulieu, G.; Belov, V. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2023, Volume:
1057
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) offers valuable sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment will use cryogenic solid-state detectors to perform a ...precision measurement of the CEνNS spectrum induced by the high neutrino flux from the Institut Laue-Langevin nuclear reactor. The experiment will employ an array of detectors, each with a mass of ∼30 g and a targeted energy threshold of 50 eV. Nine of these detectors (the “Q-Array”) will be based on a novel Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) readout style, in which the TES devices are thermally coupled to the absorber using a gold wire bond. We present initial characterization of a Q-Array-style detector using a 1 gram silicon absorber, obtaining a baseline root-mean-square resolution of less than 40 eV.
Context.
Wide-field spectrometers are needed to deal with current astrophysical challenges that require multiband observations at millimeter wavelengths. An example of these is the KIDs ...Interferometer Spectrum Survey (KISS), which uses two arrays of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) coupled to a Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI). KISS has a wide instantaneous field of view (1 deg in diameter) and a spectral resolution of up to 1.45 GHz in the 120–180 GHz electromagnetic band. The instrument is installed on the 2.25 m Q-U-I JOint TEnerife telescope at the Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Canary Islands), at an altitude of 2395 m above sea level.
Aims.
This work presents an original readout modulation method developed to improve the sky signal reconstruction accuracy for types of instruments for which a fast sampling frequency is required, both to remove atmospheric fluctuations and to perform full spectroscopic measurements on each sampled sky position.
Methods.
We first demonstrate the feasibility of this technique using simulations. We then apply such a scheme to on-sky calibration.
Results.
We show that the sky signal can be reconstructed to better than 0.5% for astrophysical sources, and to better than 2% for large background variations such as in “skydip”, in an ideal noiseless scenario. The readout modulation method is validated by observations on-sky during the KISS commissioning campaign.
Conclusions.
We conclude that accurate photometry can be obtained for future KID-based interferometry using the MPI.
Maneuvering rotorcraft noise prediction Brès, G.A.; Brentner, K.S.; Perez, G. ...
Journal of sound and vibration,
08/2004, Volume:
275, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This paper presents the unique aspects of the development of an entirely new maneuver noise prediction code called PSU-WOPWOP. The main focus of this work is development of a noise prediction ...methodology, which will enable the study of the aeroacoustic aspects a rotorcraft in maneuvering flight. It is assumed that the aeromechanical data (namely aircraft and blade motion, blade airloads) are provided as input data. This new noise prediction capability was developed for rotors in steady and transient maneuvering flight. Featuring an object-oriented design, the PSU-WOPWOP code allows great flexibility for complex rotor configuration and motion (including multiple rotors and full aircraft motion). The relative locations and number of hinges, flexures, and body motions can be arbitrarily specified to match any specific rotorcraft. An analysis of algorithm efficiency was performed for maneuver noise prediction along with a description of the tradeoffs made specifically for the maneuvering noise problem. Noise predictions for the mainrotor of a rotorcraft in steady descent, transient (arrested) descent, hover and a “pop-up” maneuver are demonstrated.
The R
icochet
reactor neutrino observatory is planned to be installed at the Laue Langevin Institute starting mid-2022. Its scientific goal is to perform a low-energy and high precision measurement ...of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering spectrum in order to explore exotic physics scenarios. R
icochet
will host two cryogenic detector arrays: the CryoCube (Ge target) and the Q-
array
(Zn target), operated at 10 mK. The 1 kg Ge CryoCube will consist of 27 Ge crystals instrumented with NTD-Ge thermal sensors and charge collection electrodes for a simultaneous heat and ionization readout to reject the electromagnetic backgrounds (gamma, beta, x-rays). We present the status of its front-end electronics. The first stage of amplification is made of High Electron Mobility Transistors developed by CNRS/C2N laboratory, optimized to achieve ultra-low noise performance at 1 K with a dissipation as low as 15
μ
W per channel. Our noise model predicts that 10 eV heat and 20 eV
ee
RMS baseline resolutions are feasible with a high dynamic range for the deposited energy (up to 10 MeV) thanks to loop amplification schemes. Such resolutions are mandatory to have a high discrimination power between nuclear and electron recoils at the lowest energies.
The KISS Experiment Fasano, A.; Aguiar, M.; Benoit, A. ...
Journal of low temperature physics,
04/2020, Volume:
199, Issue:
1-2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Mapping millimetre continuum emission has become a key issue in modern multi-wavelength astrophysics. In particular, spectrum imaging at low-frequency resolution is an asset for characterising the ...clusters of galaxies via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect. In this context, we have built a ground-based spectrum-imager named KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey (KISS). This instrument is based on two 316-pixel arrays of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) cooled to 150 mK by a custom dilution refrigerator-based cryostat. By using Ti–Al and Al absorbers, we can cover a wide frequency range between 80 and 300 GHz. In order to preserve a large instantaneous field of view
∼
1
∘
, the spectrometer is based on a Fourier transform interferometer. This represents a technological challenge due to the fast scanning speed that is needed to overcome the effects of background atmospheric fluctuations. KISS is installed at the QUIJOTE 2.25 m telescope in Tenerife since February 2019 and is currently in its commissioning phase. In this report, we present an overview of the instrument and the latest results.
The New IRAM KID Arrays 2 (NIKA2) consortium has just finished installing and commissioning a millimetre camera on the IRAM 30-m telescope. It is a dual-band camera operating with three ...frequency-multiplexed kilo-pixels arrays of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID) cooled at 150 mK, designed to observe the intensity and polarisation of the sky at 260 and 150 GHz (1.15 and 2 mm). NIKA2 is today an IRAM resident instrument for millimetre astronomy, such as intracluster medium from intermediate to distant clusters and so for the follow-up of Planck satellite detected clusters, high redshift sources and quasars, early stages of star formation and nearby galaxies emission. We present an overview of the instrument performance as it has been evaluated at the end of the commissioning phase.
Clusters of galaxies are used to map the large-scale structures in the universe and as probe of universe evolution. They can be observed through the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. In this respect ...the spectro-imaging at low resolution frequency is an important tool, today, for the study of cluster of galaxies. We have developed KISS (KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey), a spectrometric imager dedicated to the secondary anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The multi-frequency approach permits to improve the component separation with respect to predecessor experiments. In this paper, firstly, we provide a description of the scientific context and the state of the art of SZ observations. Secondly, we describe the KISS instrument. Finally, we show preliminary results of the ongoing commissioning campaign.
We describe the preliminary on-sky results of the KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey (KISS), a spectral imager with a 1 deg field of view (FoV). The instrument operates in the range 120–180 GHz from ...the 2.25m Q-U-I JOint TEnerife telescope in Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Canary Islands), at 2 395m altitude above sea level. Spectra at low resolution, up to 1.45 GHz, are obtained using a fast (3.72 Hz mechanical frequency) Fourier transform spectrometer, coupled to a continuous dilution cryostat with a stabilized temperature of 170mK that hosts two 316-pixel arrays of lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors. KISS generates more than 3 000 spectra per second during observations and represents a pathfinder to demonstrate the potential for spectral mapping with large FoV.We give an overall description of the spectral mapping paradigm and we present recent results from observations, in this paper.
CONCERTO (CarbON CII line in post-rEionisation and ReionisaTiOn) is a large field-of-view (FoV) spectro-imager that has been installed on the Cassegrain Cabin of Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) ...telescope in April 2021. CONCERTO hosts 2 focal planes and a total number of 4000 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), with an instantaneous FoV of 18.6 arcminutes in the range of 130-310 GHz. The spectral resolution can be easily tuned down to 1 GHz depending on the scientific target. The scientific program of CONCERTO has many objectives, with two main programs focused on mapping the fluctuations of the CII line intensity in the reionisation and postreionisation epoch (4.5<z<8.5), and on studying galaxy clusters via the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. CONCERTO will also measure the dust and molecular gas contents of local and intermediate-redshift galaxies, it will study the Galactic star-forming clouds and finally it will observe the CO intensity fluctuations arising from 0.3<z<2 galaxies.
The design of the instrument, installation at APEX and current status of the commissioning phase and science verification will be presented. Also we describe the deployment and first on-sky tests performed between April and June 2021.
Context.
Characterising the large-scale structure in the Universe from present times to the high redshift epoch of reionisation is essential to constraining the cosmology, the history of star ...formation, and reionisation, to measuring the gas content of the Universe, and to obtaining a better understanding of the physical processes that drive galaxy formation and evolution. Using the integrated emission from unresolved galaxies or gas clouds, line intensity mapping (LIM) provides a new observational window to measure the larger properties of structures. This very promising technique motivates the community to plan for LIM experiments.
Aims.
We describe the development of a large field-of-view instrument, named CONCERTO (for CarbON CII line in post-rEionisation and ReionisaTiOn epoch), operating in the range 130–310 GHz from the APEX 12-m telescope (5100 m above sea level). CONCERTO is a low-resolution spectrometer based on the lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID) technology. Spectra are obtained using a fast Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), coupled to a dilution cryostat with a base temperature of 0.1 K. Two two kilo-pixel arrays of LEKID are mounted inside the cryostat that also contains the cold optics and the front-end electronics.
Methods.
We present, in detail, the technological choices leading to the instrumental concept, together with the design and fabrication of the instrument and preliminary laboratory tests on the detectors. We also give our best estimates for CONCERTO sensitivity and give predictions for two of the main scientific goals of CONCERTO, that is, a CII-intensity mapping survey and observations of galaxy clusters.
Results.
We provide a detailed description of the instrument design. Based on realistic comparisons with existing instruments developed by our group (NIKA, NIKA2, and KISS), and on the laboratory characterisation of our detectors, we provide an estimate for CONCERTO sensitivity on the sky. Finally, we describe, in detail, two of the main scientific goals offered by CONCERTO at APEX.
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