•Whey-acerola flavoured beverage submitted to Ohmic Heating and conventional pasteurization.•Ohmic Heating proportionated lower antioxidant capacity and higher ACE values.•Ohmic Heating generated a ...decrease of Maillard reaction products.•Certain OH operational parameters (60 and 80 V–60 Hz) resulted healthier lipid profile.
Whey acerola-flavoured drink was subjected to Ohmic Heating (OH) under different operational conditions (45, 60, 80 V at 60 Hz and 10, 100, 1000 Hz with 25 V, 65 °C/30 min) and conventional pasteurization (65 °C/30 min). Bioactive compounds (total phenolics, DPPH, FRAP, ACE levels), fatty acid profile, volatile compounds (CG-MS), thermal behaviors (DSC) and water mobility (TD-NMR) were performed. Reduction of frequency (1000–10 Hz) resulted in a lower bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the samples, except for the DPPH values. Concerning the thermal behaviors, fatty acids profile and volatile compounds, different findings were observed as a function of the parameters used (voltage and frequency). In respect of TD-NMR parameters, OH led to a slightly reduction of the relaxation time when compared to the conventional treatment, suggesting more viscous beverages. Overall, OH may be interesting option to whey acerola-flavoured drink processing.
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different prebiotic dietary oligosaccharides (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharide, galacto-oligossacaride, short–chain fructo-oligosaccharide, ...resistant starch, corn dietary oligosaccharide and polydextrose) in non-fat sheep milk ice cream processing through physical parameters, water mobility and thermal analysis. Overall, the fat replacement by dietary prebiotic oligosaccharides significantly decreased the melting time, melting temperature and the fraction and relaxation time for fat and bound water (T22) while increased the white intensity and glass transition temperature. The replacement of sheep milk fat by prebiotics in sheep milk ice cream constitutes an interesting option to enhance nutritional aspects and develop a functional food.
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•Prebiotic dietary oligosaccharides to replace fat in sheep milk ice cream formulation•Improvement the intensity of whiteness and lightness in prebiotic dietary oligosaccharides sheep milk ice cream•Smaller ice crystals and decreased melting time, melting temperature and T22 values•Increased glass transition temperature
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and its impact on humans and the ecosystem are emerging issues in environmental health. This study evaluated the potential biochemical, ...genetic and reproductive effects of the diclofenac by waterborne exposure, in a semi-static bioassay for 21 days. The fish Rhamdia quelen were exposed to environmental concentrations of diclofenac (0, 0.2, 2 and 20µg/L). The results showed that in the liver, diclofenac reduced the catalase and ethoxyresorufin- O- deethylase activities in fish exposed to 2µg/L, and superoxide dismutase in all exposed groups. The levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased at all tested concentrations. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was reduced in the groups exposed to 0.2 and 20µg/L of diclofenac, but there was no protein oxidation. In the testis, the concentration of 0.2µg/L caused major changes as inhibition of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and GST activities and also LPO decrease. Diclofenac was not genotoxic and not altered plasma testosterone and estradiol levels and testicular morphology. In brain, there was a reduction of dopamine and its metabolite DOPAC (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) in exposure to diclofenac, but this not disrupted the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
•Rhamdia quelen were exposed to diclofenac for 21 days.•Diclofenac affected hepatic and gonadal antioxidant defenses in Rhamdia quelen.•Diclofenac was not genotoxic.•Diclofenac exposure reduced dopamine and its metabolite DOPAC.•Diclofenac in the environment may have negative impacts in aquatic organisms.
Sao Paulo State, currently experiences a second COVID‐19 wave overwhelming the healthcare system. Due to the paucity of SARS‐CoV‐2 complete genome sequencing, we established a Network for Pandemic ...Alert of Emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants to rapidly understand and monitor the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants into the state. Through analysis of 210 SARS‐CoV‐2 complete genomes obtained from the largest regional health departments we identified cocirculation of multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages such as B.1.1 (0.5%), B.1.1.28 (23.2%), B.1.1.7 (alpha variant, 6.2%), B.1.566 (1.4%), B.1.544 (0.5%), C.37 (0.5%) P.1 (gamma variant, 66.2%), and P.2 (zeta variant, 1.0%). Our analysis allowed also the detection, for the first time in Brazil, the South African B.1.351 (beta) variant of concern, B.1.351 (501Y.V2) (0.5%), characterized by the following mutations: ORF1ab: T265I, R724K, S1612L, K1655N, K3353R, SGF 3675_F3677del, P4715L, E5585D; spike: D80A, D215G, L242_L244del, A262D, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V, C1247F; ORF3a: Q57H, S171L, E: P71L; ORF7b: Y10F, N: T205I; ORF14: L52F. The most recent common ancestor of the identified strain was inferred to be mid‐October to late December 2020. Our analysis demonstrated the P.1 lineage predominance and allowed the early detection of the South African strain for the first time in Brazil. We highlight the importance of SARS‐CoV‐2 active monitoring to ensure the rapid detection of potential variants for pandemic control and vaccination strategies.
Highlights Identification of B.1.351 (beta) variant of concern in the Sao Paulo State. Dissemination of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern and interest in the Sao Paulo State. Mutational Profile of the circulating variants of concern and interest.
The disposal of residues from the agro‐industry and the consequent waste of valuable substances are a problem in Brazil and in many countries. The Ubá mango is the main variety of mango used by the ...industry in Brazil and its waste, consisting of the peel and the seed, is not used. The seed kernel of the mango is composed mainly of starch, which is a biopolymer capable of replacing fossil origin polymers. In this paper, the starch is extracted from the Ubá mango kernel (78.42% w/w) and it is chemically modified by esterification reaction with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). The native starch and modified starch are then characterized using particle size distribution technique, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study shows that the reaction with OSA have a high degree of substitution. Particle size and microscopy results show that modified starch granules have a size range wider than the native starch and the chemical modification process with OSA seems to reduce the crystallinity of the native starch. The chemical and thermal properties of the starch granules are little influenced by the esterification reaction. The OSA starch has many possibilities of applications and an optimized process of extraction and modification has the potential to be implemented in industry.
Starch is successfully extracted from the Mango (variety Ubá) seed kernel with high degree of purity. The starch is further chemically modified with octenyl succinated anhydride in a reaction with a high degree of substitution. The esterification reaction does not change the thermal and size characteristics of the extracted starch.
Paralytic shellfish Toxins (PSTs) or saxitoxins are neurotoxins that block the neural transmission by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in the nerve cells. There are >50 analogues ...described, which could be biotransformed into a molecular form of greater or lesser toxicity. The Alagados Reservoir is used for water supply, and persistent cyanobacterial blooms as well as PSTs concentrations have been found in this water body since 2002. The aims of this study were to quantify the concentrations of PSTs in the water and fish samples from the Alagados Reservoir. In addition, we evaluated the elimination of PSTs for 90 days in fish and estimated the potential risk to human health. Water and fish samples were collected from the reservoir. For the water samples the phytoplankton and chemical analyses were carried out. Fish were divided into two sample times: Field Samples (FS) and Elimination Experiment Samples (EES), which were maintained for 90 days in filtered and dechlorinated water. For chemical analysis, the muscles of FS were collected on the fish sampling day and the muscles and feces of EES were collected at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. PSTs concentrations were present in water and fish samples, and they were estimated as a potential risk to humans; mainly for children. In addition, toxins were accumulated, biotransformed to other analogues and excreted by the fish. However, after 90 days, the toxins were still present in the water and fish muscle. Therefore, PSTs can remain for a long period in water, and fish can be a carrier of these neurotoxins. New approaches of monitoring and management are necessary in the actual global context of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.
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•The water supply Alagados Reservoir is contaminated by PSTs.•Cyanotoxins were biotransformed and eliminated by fish.•After 90 days, toxins were still present in the fish muscle.•Fish can act as a paralytic shellfish poisoning vector.•Fish consumption was estimated as a risk to human.
Nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA and partial sequences of the cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA and white gene nDNA were obtained from specimens of ...Anopheles nuneztovari A collected in Macapá (state of Amapá), Obidos, Prainha and Almeirim (state of Pará), Itacoatiara and Parintins (state of Amazonas), Brazil, and compared with previously published sequences of A. nuneztovari s.l. Results of the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses performed using either COI or combined ITS2, COI and white gene sequences suggest that An. nuneztovari B/C is distinct from specimens obtained in the Amazonas/Solimões River basin. Anopheles goeldii, currently in synonymy with An. nuneztovari, was described from individuals collected in Belterra (= Fordlândia) in the Tapajós River, state of Pará, Southern Amazonas River. Morphological comparisons of the characteristics of the male genitalia indicated that An. nuneztovari A and An. goeldii are similar but distinct from An. nuneztovariB/C by the apex of the aedeagus. In considering the results of the phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons, An. goeldii is resurrected from synonymy with An. nuneztovari. Additionally, Anopheles dunhamiis reported for the first time in Parintins. This species can be distinguished from An. goeldiiby characters of the male genitalia and molecular data.
A simple low-cost methodology for assessing beer bitterness using the IBU (International Bitterness Units) scale has been developed. The experimental setup is composed of a UV source, a fluorescent ...material and a digital single-lens reflex camera. The main concept of the method involves estimating the UV attenuation through IBU solution samples, by comparing the resulting fluorescence instead of the direct UV data obtained with a spectrophotometer. This significantly lowers the cost of the IBU measurement, allowing the hop bitterness values to be directly obtained from simple processing of the fluorescence images. For validation purposes, all values were compared to traditional measurements made with a spectrophotometer. A calibration procedure was carried out using samples with different iso-alpha-acid concentrations, which were naturally measured with the traditional IBU methodology. Finally, for illustrating the application of the novel method, commercial beers were analyzed using the traditional approach and compared with the proposed methodology. The results yielded a root mean square error of predicted samples below 3 IBUs, which demonstrates the potential of the proposed alternative.
•The use of material that fluoresce under UV light, emitting visible light, to evaluate beer bitterness.•The use of inexpensive materials and utilities, such as UV LEDs, paper sheets, digital cameras and freeware softwares.•Good adherence to the ones produced with a spectrophotometer.
The thermal behavior of four unusual lignocellulose fibers — namely Caroa, Curaua, Piassava and Sponge gourd — is described. Caroa and Curaua fibers showed a more homogeneous thermal degradation, ...with a single peak dominating in the DTG curve. Piassava and Sponge gourd showed two separated peaks, revealing the more pronounced amounts of hemicellulose present at these fibers. All four fibers are, however, thermally stable up to temperatures of around 200°C. The activation energies for the thermal degradation of the fibers were similar, except for the Caroa fiber. The lower activation energy associated to this fiber was attributed to its higher hemicellulose to cellulose ratio.
The Lambda variants of interest (VOI) (C37/GR/452Q.V1/21G) was initially reported in Lima, Peru but has gained rapid dissemination through other Latin American countries. Nevertheless, the ...dissemination and molecular epidemiology of the Lambda VOI in Brazil is unknown apart from a single case report. In this respect, we characterized the circulation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Lambda VOI (C37/GR/452Q.V1/21G) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. From March to June 2021, we identified seven Lambda isolates in a set of approximately 8000 newly sequenced genomes of the Network for Pandemic Alert of Emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants from Sao Paulo State. Interestingly, in three of the positive patients, the Lambda VOI infection was probably related to a contact transmission. These individuals were fully vaccinated to COVID‐19 and presented mild symptoms. The remaining positive for Lambda VOI individuals showed different levels of COVID‐19 symptoms and one of them needed hospitalization (score 5, WHO). In our study, we present a low level of Lambda VOI circulation in the Sao Paulo State. This reinforces the essential role of molecular surveillance for the effective SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic response, especially in regard to circulating variants.
Highlights
Our study shows the low circulation of the Lambda variants of interest (VOI) in the São Paulo State.
Two distinct Lambda VOI introductions may have occurred in the Sao Paulo State.
Epidemiological data revealed Lambda VOI transmission in three cases of fully vaccinated individuals.
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