Palm oil (crude or refined) and lard are rich in SFA, while olive oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. SFA are considered harmful to health, while polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to ...health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diets rich in crude PO, refined PO, OO, or lard on the mitochondrial membrane, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This was an experimental study in male Wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were collected. This collection was used to determine membrane potential and ROS production, membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition, citrate synthase activity and respiratory chain complex, cardiolipin synthase protein expression, and expression of selected genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. We found that diets rich in olive oil, palm oil, or lard altered mitochondrial biogenesis by significantly decreasing Pgc1α gene expression and altered the fatty acid composition of rat liver mitochondrial membrane PL.
Palm oil (PO), although subject of controversies, is the most consumed oil and the first source of oil widely produced. In this review, we discussed its biochemical composition in fatty acids, ...carotenoids, vitamin E, its phenolic compounds, and its nutritional benefits. We addressed its biochemical properties in relation with the stereospecific distribution of its unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position in triacylglycerols. PO is one of the most stable oils, which help it prolong food storability mostly due not only to its content of saturated fatty acids, but also to its antioxidant compounds. PO plays an important role in the prevention of many pathologies (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancers). It is widely use in nutrition especially in the food industry and in biodiesel industry. Faced with attacks from environmentalists who blame PO for destorying biodiversity, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable PO production plan. Compliance with sustainable PO goals would help ease those controversies. The use and consumption of PO in normal or moderate amounts in a varied, balanced and adequate diet does not present any known health risk. Education campaigns on the nutritional benefits of PO should be promoted.
•Palm oil has a biochemical particularity due to its richness in palmitic acid.•Unsaturation at sn-2 of palm oil make her behave like monounsaturated oils.•Palm oil does not increase blood cholesterol levels compared to olive and peanut.•Like all vegetable oil, it doesn’t contain cholesterol and is rich in antioxidants.•Palm oil antioxidant plays important role in the prevention of many diseases.
Palm olein (PO) and olive oil (OO) are widely consumed in the world. PO is considered harmful to health, whereas OO is considered healthy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of ...consumption of these oils on antioxidant status and inflammation in rats. This was an experimental study in male wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver and aortic blood were collected. Plasma was used for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress parameters (Superoxide dismutase -SOD; Gluthation peroxidase - GPx; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS; Thiol groups and isoprostane). The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed in liver homogenate. No significant differences were observed between PO and OO in plasma and liver levels of the studied inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. This study showed that the consumption of PO induces an antioxidant status superimposable to that of OO. Key words : Palm olein - Olive oil - Oxidative stress - Inflammation - High fat diet.
Treatment scale-up is leading to a progressive increase in HIV resistance to antiretrovirals, especially in children. To assess resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) in HIV-1 infected ...children in Côte d’Ivoire, genotypic resistance tests were performed and interpreted using the ANRS algorithm (
www.hivfrenchresistance.org
). Phylogenetic trees were created using BioEdit v7 and Mega7 software. The frequency of resistance to at least one RTI was 79%. It was 88% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 71% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 63% for both classes (NRTI + NNRTI). The frequency of resistance was 50% for the ZDV + 3TC + EFV combination, 42% for the ABC + 3TC + EFV combination, and 8% for the TDF + 3TC + EFV combination. Frequently encountered resistance mutations were for NRTIs: M184V (88%), TAMs (67%), T215F/I/V/Y (33%), and L74I/V (24%); for NNRTIs: K103N/S (74%), P225H (26%), and G190A/E/Q (24%). The synthesis of phylogenetic analyses showed the predominance of the viral subtype CRF02_AG (85%). These results show a high prevalence of resistance to RTIs in children infected with HIV-1. Hence the interest of a more accessible monitoring of viral load and genotypic resistance tests in HIV-1 infected children undergoing treatment in Côte d’Ivoire.
Treatment scale-up is leading to a progressive increase in HIV resistance to antiretrovirals, especially in children. To assess resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) in HIV-1 infected ...children in Côte d'Ivoire, genotypic resistance tests were performed and interpreted using the ANRS algorithm (www.hivfrenchresistance.org). Phylogenetic trees were created using BioEdit v7 and Mega7 software. The frequency of resistance to at least one RTI was 79%. It was 88% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 71% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 63% for both classes (NRTI + NNRTI). The frequency of resistance was 50% for the ZDV + 3TC + EFV combination, 42% for the ABC + 3TC + EFV combination, and 8% for the TDF + 3TC + EFV combination. Frequently encountered resistance mutations were for NRTIs: M184V (88%), TAMs (67%), T215F/I/V/Y (33%), and L74I/V (24%); for NNRTIs: K103N/S (74%), P225H (26%), and G190A/E/Q (24%). The synthesis of phylogenetic analyses showed the predominance of the viral subtype CRF02_AG (85%). These results show a high prevalence of resistance to RTIs in children infected with HIV-1. Hence the interest of a more accessible monitoring of viral load and genotypic resistance tests in HIV-1 infected children undergoing treatment in Côte d'Ivoire.
Un niveau élevé d'acides gras saturés (AGS) dans le sang a un effet délétère sur les muscles squelettiques en inhibant à la fois la régénération des fibres musculaires et la synthèse des protéines ...musculaires. Du fait de sa richesse en AGS, l’huile de palme est controversée. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’effet d’un régime riche en huile de palme (brute et raffinée) sur l’expression des facteurs myogéniques dans le muscle de rats sédentaires et le comparer avec un régime riche en huile d’olive et en Lard. Quarante rats mâles Wistar ont été répartis en 5 groupes de 8 rats chacun : 1 groupe témoin et 4 groupes nourris par des régimes riches en graisse (HFD) contenant respectivement de l’huile de palme brute, de l’huile de palme raffinée, de l’huile d’olive et du lard. Après 12 semaines de régime, les rats ont été sacrifiés et les tissus prélevés L'expression de Pax7, Myf5, MyoD et MyoG a été évaluée par RT-qPCR dans les muscles gastrocnémiens. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre régime témoin et HFD concernant les expressions de Pax7, Myf5 et MyoG. L’expression de MyoD s’est avérée significativement plus élevée dans les animaux HFD (p=0,0004) par rapport au témoin ; en particulier dans le régime riche en huile d’olive par rapport aux autres régimes HFD (p=0,05). Aucune altération significative de l’expression des gènes des facteurs de régulation myogénique n’a été observée avec l’huile de palme sous ses 2 formes, brute et raffinée. En conclusion, l’huile de palme, malgré sa richesse en AGS, n’a pas d’effet délétère sur la régénération du muscle squelettique.Mots clés : Régime riche graisses, muscle squelettique, Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, MyoG.
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