Classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has spread to Bangladesh since early March of 2020, and people are getting daily updates from the ...social and electronic media. We aimed at assessing the prevalence of anxiety among Bangladeshi people during the pandemic in connection with social media exposure (SME) and electronic media exposure (EME). For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 880 participants by a self-administered online-based questionnaire relating personal characteristics, self-rate health (SRH), SME, and EME with anxiety. Findings show that around half of the surveyed population experienced a spike of anxiety (49.1%) during the pandemic, ten times higher than the national anxiety rate in 2019. The participants with an increased SME of over four hours per day experienced a higher level of anxiety than individuals with < = 2 hours exposure to social media. Similarly, the anxiety was higher among people with fair/bad SRH compared to individuals with excellent SRH. It is highly recommended to develop active surveillance and effective monitoring systems to reduce the spread of misinformation from both social and electronic media to improve the state of mental health conditions during the pandemic.
Antenatal care (ANC) contacts have long been considered a critical component of the continuum of care for a pregnant mother along with the newborn baby. The latest maternal mortality survey in ...Bangladesh suggests that progress in reducing maternal mortality has stalled as only 37% of pregnant women have attended at least four ANC contacts. This paper aims to determine what factors are associated with ANC contacts for women in Bangladesh. We analysed the data, provided by Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014, covering a nationally representative sample of 17,863 ever married women aged 15-49 years. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to collect the data. Data derived from 4,475 mothers who gave birth in the three years preceding the survey. Descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. An overall 78.4% of women had ANC contacts, but the WHO recommended ≥8 ANC contacts and ANC contacts by qualified doctors were only 8% for each. The logistic regression analysis revealed that division, maternal age, women's education, husband's education, wealth index and media exposure were associated with the ANC contacts. Likewise, place of residence, women's education, religion, and wealth index were also found to be associated with the WHO recommended ANC contacts. Furthermore, the husband's education, division, religion and husband's employment showed significant associations with ANC contacts by qualified doctors. However, Bangladeshi women in general revealed an unsatisfactory level of ANC contacts, the WHO recommended as well as ANC contacts by qualified doctors. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to follow the most recent ANC contacts recommended by the WHO and to contact the qualified doctors. Moreover, an improvement in education as well as access to information along with an increase of transports, care centres and reduction of service costs would see an improvement of ANC contacts in Bangladesh.
We aimed to determine the factors that increase the risk of HRFB in Bangladeshi women of reproductive age 15-49 years.
The study utilised the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) ...2017-18 dataset. The Pearson's chi-square test was performed to determine the relationships between the outcome and the independent variables, while multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants associated with HRFB.
Overall 67.7% women had HRFB among them 45.6% were at single risk and 22.1% were at multiple high-risks. Women's age (35-49 years: AOR = 6.42 95% CI 3.95-10.42), who were Muslims(AOR = 5.52, 95% CI 2.25-13.52), having normal childbirth (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.69), having unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 10.79, 95% CI 5.67-18.64) and not using any contraceptive methods (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.81) were significantly associated with increasing risk of having HRFB. Alternatively, women and their partners' higher education were associated with reducing HRFB.
A significant proportion of Bangladeshi women had high-risk fertility behaviour which is quite alarming. Therefore, the public health policy makers in Bangladesh should emphasis on this issue and design appropriate interventions to reduce the maternal HRFB.
We have presented a unified model for detecting different types of video shot transitions. Based on the proposed model, we formulate frame estimation scheme using the previous and the next frames. ...Unlike other shot boundary detection algorithms, instead of properties of frames, frame transition parameters and frame estimation errors based on global and local features are used for boundary detection and classification. Local features include scatter matrix of edge strength and motion matrix. Finally, the frames are classified as no change (within shot frame), abrupt change, or gradual change frames using a multilayer perceptron network. The proposed method is relatively less dependent on user defined thresholds and is free from sliding window size as widely used by various schemes found in the literature. Moreover, handling both abrupt and gradual transitions along with non-transition frames under a single framework using model guided visual feature is another unique aspect of the work.
Ginger has been an important cash crop with numerous applications since ancient times. As the demand for ginger is ever-growing and being a seasonal crop, a high-yielding variety of ginger would be ...economically profitable.
In this study, 150 germplasm were collected from different regions of NE India and evaluated for three years in CRBD design with three replications. The present study thus focused on the variability, association, and diversity studies for the first time on 150 ginger germplasm from across North East India. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, correlation, and path analysis were evaluated for the germplasm.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed considerable differences among the studied germplasm for studied characters, revealing sufficient variability in the materials. The Mahalanobis D
and Tocher methods grouped the 150 ginger germplasm into ten clusters. Based on the results of the path coefficient analysis determined for essential oil yield and rhizome yield per plant, it can be concluded that the characters' initial rhizome weight, the weight of mother rhizome, and weight of secondary rhizome were the most important and appeared promising in improving the overall yield potential of ginger rhizome and essential oil yield. Thus, selection based on the identified traits would lead to an effective ginger breeding program for higher rhizome and essential oil yield.
Jacq. (ghost pepper), a naturally occurring chili species of Northeast India is known throughout the world for its high pungency and a pleasant aroma. The economic importance is due to the high ...capsaicinoid levels, the main source for pharmaceutical industries. The present study focused on identifying important traits necessary for increasing the yield and pungency of ghost pepper and to determine the parameters for the selection of superior genotypes. A total of 120 genotypes with more than 1.2% capsaicin content (>1,92,000 Scoville Heat Unit, w/w on dry weight basis) collected from different northeast Indian regions were subjected to variability, divergence and correlation studies. Levene's homogeneity test of variance studied for three environments did not show significant deviation and so homogeneity of variance was reasonably met for analysis of variance study. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for fruit yield per plant (33.702, 36.200, respectively), followed by number of fruits per plant (29.583, 33.014, respectively) and capsaicin content (25.283, 26.362, respectively). The trait number of fruits per plant had maximum direct contribution to fruit yield per plant and the trait fruit yield per plant towards capsaicin content in the correlation study. High heritability with high genetic advance, which is the most favored selection criteria was observed for fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, capsaicin content, fruit length and fruit girth. The genetic divergence study partitioned the genotypes into 20 clusters, where fruit yield per plant contributed maximum towards total divergence. Principal components analysis (PCA) studied to determine the largest contributor of variation showed 73.48% of the total variability, of which the PC1 and PC2 contributed 34.59% and 16.81% respectively.
Beyond the physical transmission of COVID-19, the pandemic has had far-reaching consequences in Bangladesh, including social and cultural implications. This review paper aimed at identifying and ...synthesizing the costs of COVID-19 on sociocultural issues in Bangladesh. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar up to August 2021. Studies related to the costs of COVID-19 were identified, tabulated, analyzed, and synthesized by using a thematic approach. Our final synthesis of 19 studies resulted in five analytical themes: (i) disruption in education, (ii) loss of everyday social interaction, (iii) increase of “new poor” and suicide, (iv) rise of violence against women, and (v) worsening the life of refugees. Our findings showed that the costs of disruption in education, loss of everyday social interaction, and increase of “new poor” and suicide were more evident. Finally, we recommend the government and the community to adopt some integrated actions and policies to combat the problems in improving Bangladeshi sociocultural situations.
Life satisfaction in its gender aspects opens up a new dimension in social research. This study starts with the research question of how life satisfaction and gender are associated with intrinsic and ...extrinsic aspirations. The questionnaire survey was used with 1821 respondents in the Czech Republic. The results show that it was in the 33-48 age range that the highest proportion of males, 59 per cent, expressed substantial life satisfaction, compared to the 18-32 age range for females (72 per cent). In addition, for males, a greater identification with life satisfaction is found for both intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations, whereas females represented this greater identification only in regard to intrinsic aspirations.
Aquilaria malaccensis (agarwood essential oil), is a highly priced medicinal and most expensive aromatic oil in the industry. The purpose of the current study was to assess the chemical makeup of a ...naturally insect infested agarwood essential oil and its potential therapeutic uses. Essential oil of infected agarwood was extracted using Clevenger apparatus and the chemical analysis of essential oil was carried out using GC/MS technique. Pharmacology evaluation includes – tyrosinase inhibitory, anti-cholinesterase (AChE), anti-urolithic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant assays. Standard methodologies such as tyrosinase inhibitor, α-amylase inhibitor, AChE inhibitory, aggregation, protease inhibitor, DPPH, ABTS, and metal chelating assays were used for evaluation of pharmacological potential. GC/MS analysis revealed cubenol (22.26%), agarospirol (14.35%) and aristolene (13.22%) as major compounds. Radical scavenging activity of agarwood essential oil showed 50% inhibition (IC50 using XLSTAT software) at the concentration of 40.14 ± 0.0192 µL/mL. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity from ABTS assay, α-amylase inhibitory potential, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, AChE inhibitory assay, anti-urolithic activity and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity protein denaturation assay were confirmed with IC50 values of 76.95 ± 0.0090 µL/mL, 30.78 ± 0.0018 µL/mL, 38.06 ± 0.0016 µL/mL, 13.41 ± 0.0374 µL/mL, 34.14 ± 0.0202 µL/mL and 22.42 ± 0.0560 µL/mL respectively. At 1 µL/mL concentration Allium cepa genotoxicity assay resulted agarwood essential oil Mitotic Index (MI) value of 14.26%, with a chromosomal aberration of 9.30%. Genotoxicity results for A. malaccensis essential oil showed negative toxic effect at 1 µL/mL concentration. The essential oil did not exhibit any anti-microbial activity against all the tested microbial strains. From the study it is concluded that agarwood essential oil could be used for antioxidant, anti-diabetic, skin whitening, and anti-inflammatory drug formulations in near future.
•Aquilaria malaccensis essential oil is a highly priced aromatic oil in the fragrance industry.•Cubenol (22.26%), agarospirol (14.35%) and aristolene (13.22%) were the major compounds identified.•Agarwood essential oil possess strong anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-urolithic and tyrosinase inhibitory potentials.•At 1 µL/mL concentration the essential oil was found to be genotoxically inactive.•This is the first report of Indian variety of A. malaccensis essential oil to be pharmacologically active.
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