The purpose of this study was to compare the peak force and electromyographic activation in different techniques of the seated row. Eleven recreationally trained male (28±5 years, 176±5 cm, 94±16 kg) ...and ten female (27±5 years, 168±8 cm, 65±11 kg ) performed an isometric and a dynamic assessment of the seated cable row and the preacher curl: pronated grip (PRO), supinated grip (SUP), neutral grip (NEU), 30° (30°), 60° (60°), 90° (90°) of shoulder abduction, and cable preacher curl (PC). Peak force and muscle activation of upper trapezius, middle trapezius, upper latissimus, lower latissimus, posterior deltoid, and biceps bracii were recorded during the isometric and dynamic assessment of the exercises. p values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The peak force was greater when shoulder abduction angle was closer to 0° (PRO, SUP, and NEU) and decreased as abduction angle increased (60° and 90°). Muscle activation of the upper back (upper trapezius, middle trapezius) and posterior deltoid increased as abduction angle increased (60° and 90°) on both isometric and dynamic analysis. Muscle activation of the upper and lower latissimus increased as abduction angle was closer to 0° (PRO, SUP, and NEU) on both isometric and dynamic analysis. Biceps brachii activation on both isometric and dynamic analysis during the PC was greater than all other rowing conditions; among the rowing techniques, BB activation was greater during SUP, NEU, and 90° techniques. In conclusion, the closer to 90° shoulder abduction the greater UT, MT, and PD activity, on the other hand, the closer to 0° shoulder abduction the greater peak force, UL, and LL activity during the variations of the rowing exercise.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the main injuries in professional and amateur athletes of different sports. Hundreds of thousands of ACL ruptures occurs annually, and only 55% of ...the athletes return to competitive level, with a 15 times higher chance of suffering a second injury. 60% of these injuries occur without physical contact and since they occur in the acute process, they can cause joint effusion, muscle weakness and functional incapacity. In the long term, they can contribute to a premature process of osteoarthritis. This narrative review is of particular interest for clinicians, practitioners, coaches and athletes to understand the main factors that contribute to an injury and/or re-injury and thus, to optimize their training to reduce and/or prevent the risk of injury and/or reinjury of ACL. Therefore, we aimed reports a narrative overview of the literature surrounding communication and explore through a theoretical review, the main risk factors for an ACL injury and/or re-injury, as well as bringing practical and correct methods of training applications. The lack of theoretical/practical knowledge on the part of rehabilitation and/or training professionals may impair the treatment of an athlete and/or student. High-quality research that can testing different training methods approaches in randomized controlled trials is needed.
Background: Foam rolling (FR) has been widely used with the intent to increase range of motion (ROM) before strength and power activities. At the moment, few studies have investigated practical ...strategies to control FR intensity. Purpose: The aim was to compare the effect (FR) intensity by different combinations of a smooth roller, grid roller, unilateral or bilateral rolling massage on the triceps suralis ROM, strength, muscle activation, and jump performance. Methods: Ten male (28±4 years, 175±5 cm, 81±13 kg) and ten female (29±4 years, 163±5 cm, 66±10 kg) recreationally trained performed two sessions of data collection that compared 4 combinations of rolling surface and technique: unilateral smooth roller (US), bilateral smooth roller (BS), unilateral grid roller (UG), and bilateral grid roller (BG). During all conditions, the triceps suralis was rolled for 2 sets of 60 s with 60 s of rest between sets. Rate of perceived pain (RPP) after the rolling protocol; peak force during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) (PF), muscle activation during a MVIC, and unilateral drop jump (UDJ) performance were measured before and after each condition. Results: The greatest RPP was reported in UG condition and the lowest RPP was reported in BS condition. All conditions increased ankle ROM to the same extent without subsequent effect on PF, muscle activity UDJ height, and UDJ contact time. Our data indicate that FR using different combinations of surface pattern and rolling techniques increased ankle ROM without a subsequent effect on drop jump performance, triceps suralis strength, and activation. Conclusion: In conclusion, practitioners could be encouraged to perform FR with mild discomfort and use a bilateral technique to save time.
Keywords: Flexibility, self-myofascial release, electromyography, force, strength.
O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2pico) é utilizado em estudos com adolescentes para relacionar a aptidão física ao estado de saúde, e, na área do treinamento esportivo, para a prescrição e avaliação ...de programas de treinamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o VO2pico em adolescentes praticantes de Futebol de campo observando o tipo de treinamento e o tamanho corporal. A amostra foi composta por 116 adolescentes masculinos, idade entre 12 e 15 anos, divididos em três grupos, o Grupo Controle (GC; n=45), o Grupo de Esporte Educacional (GEE; n=45) e o Grupo de Atletas de Futebol (GAF; n=26). Foram avaliadas a estatura e a massa corporal. O Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test foi utilizado para avaliar o VO2pico. Foi utilizada a ANOVA (one way), para determinar as diferenças intergrupos. O VO2pico foi ajustado alometricamente pelo expoente de -0,67. Inicialmente observou-se melhor desempenho aeróbio do grupo GEE em relação ao GED. Após o ajuste alométrico, os resultados apontaram para o melhor desempenho do GAF em relação ao GED e GEE. Conclui-se que para se avaliar o VO2pico em adolescentes é necessário levar-se em conta, não só o tipo de treinamento utilizado (volume e intensidade), mas também o seu tamanho corporal.
Trained subjects have difficulty in achieving continued results following years of training, and the manipulation of training variables through advanced resistance training (RT) methods is widely ...recommended to break through plateaus.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional RT (TRT) versus two types of sarcoplasma stimulating training (SST) methods on total training volume (TTV), lactate, and muscle thickness (MT).
Twelve trained males (20.75 ± 2.3 years; 1.76 ± 0.14 meters; body mass = 79.41 ± 4.6 kg; RT experience = 4.1 ± 1.8 years) completed three RT protocols in a randomly sequenced order: TRT, SST contraction type (SST-CT), or SST rest interval variable (SST-RIV) with 7 days between trials in arm curl (elbow flexors) and triceps pulley extension (elbow extensors) performed on the same day.
The SST groups displayed greater acute biceps and triceps brachii (TB) MT versus the TRT session, with no difference in lactate levels between them. The SST-CT resulted in greater biceps and TB MT versus the SST-RIV session. The TTV was greater for the TRT session versus the SST sessions, except in the case of the elbow flexors (no difference was observed between TRT and SST-CT), and higher for the SST-CT versus the SST-RIV.
Trained subjects may benefit from using the SST method as this method may offer a superior MT stimulus and reduced training time, even with a lower TTV.
The early management of transferred patients with a large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke could be improved by identifying patients who are likely to recanalize early. We aim to predict early ...recanalization based on patient clinical and thrombus imaging characteristics. We included 81 transferred anterior-circulation LVO patients with an early recanalization, defined as the resolution of the LVO or the migration to a distal location not reachable with endovascular treatment upon repeated radiological imaging. We compared their clinical and imaging characteristics with all (322) transferred patients with a persistent LVO in the MR CLEAN Registry. We measured distance from carotid terminus to thrombus (DT), thrombus length, density, and perviousness on baseline CT images. We built logistic regression models to predict early recanalization. We validated the predictive ability by computing the median area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics curve for 100 5-fold cross-validations. The administration of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), longer transfer times, more distal occlusions, and shorter, pervious, less dense thrombi were characteristic of early recanalization. After backward elimination, IVT administration, DT and thrombus density remained in the multivariable model, with an AUC of 0.77 (IQR 0.72-0.83). Baseline thrombus imaging characteristics are valuable in predicting early recanalization and can potentially be used to optimize repeated imaging workflow.
O treinamento de forca (TF) com supervisão pode afetar a carga total levantada (CTL), o número total de repetições (NTR), o tempo líquido sob tensão (TLT) e a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) em ...indivíduos experientes em TF. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da supervisão do personal trainer na sessão de indivíduos experientes em TF. Quinze homens (20,0±2 anos; 176,0±4 cm; 79,3±4,7 kg) experientes com o TF realizaram duas sessões compostas com exercícios para o corpo todo. Na sessão sem supervisão do personal trainer (SPT) os sujeitos auto selecionaram as intensidades utilizadas nos exercícios e foram orientados à “selecionar a sobrecarga que eles tipicamente utilizam para realizar 10 repetições”; na sessão com a supervisão do personal trainer (CPT) os sujeitos auto selecionaram as intensidades utilizadas nos exercícios e foram orientados à “realizar o máximo de esforço possível”. Foi observada maior CTL (P<0,001, Δ%=30), NTR (P<0,001, Δ%=29), TLT (P=0,003, Δ%=21) e PSE (P<0,001, Δ%=29) na sessão de TF. O presente estudo concluiu que as sessões com supervisão de um personal trainer afetam positivamente as variáveis do treinamento.
Abstract The range of motion (ROM) may affect the external maximal load during back squat (BS) exercise. The correct ROM manipulation can be useful as an exercise load manipulation strategy, changing ...the volume load during a resistance training session. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of ROM on relative load, absolute load and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during partial and full BS exercise with adjusted loads. Fifteen male individuals (age: 26.5±4.5 years; height: 173±6 cm; body mass: 80.6 ± 8.8 kg; resistance training experience 5±3 years) participated in this study. The experimental procedure was conducted in two sessions. In the first session, brief familiarization and a 10-repetition maximal test (10-RM) was performed for partial (PBS) and full BS exercise (FBS) with 30-min of rest interval. During the second session, all subjects performed 1 set of 10-RM in both conditions (partial and full ROM), and relative load, absolute load, and RPE were evaluated. A paired t-test was used to compare means. The results showed higher values for PBS when compared to FE exercise: relative load (PBS: 1.14±0.24xBW vs. FBS: 0.87±0.24xBW; P<0.001), and absolute load (PBS: 925±249 kg x FBS: 708±232 kg, P<0.001). Similar RPE was observed between conditions (PBS: 8.6±1.3 IEP x FBS: 8.5±1.0 IEP, P=0.855). It was concluded that PBS allowed higher relative load and absolute load during 10RM, without effects on RPE.
Resumo A amplitude de movimento durante o exercício agachamento pode afetar a sobrecarga imposta ao sistema neuromuscular. Desta forma, a manipulação da amplitude de movimento pode ser utilizada como estratégia de manipulação da sobrecarga do exercício, alterando o volume absoluto da sessão de treinamento bem como os ajustes agudos do sistema neuromuscular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos agudos da amplitude de movimento na sobrecarga relativa, volume absoluto e na percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) durante o exercício agachamento total e parcial com sobrecargas ajustadas. Participaram do estudo 15 homens (idade: 26,5±4,5 anos; estatura: 173±6 cm; massa corporal total: 80,6±8,8 kg; e tempo de prática no treinamento de força 5±3 anos). O experimento foi conduzido em duas sessões. Na primeira sessão, foi realizada a familiarização, coleta dos dados antropométricos e determinação de 10 repetições máximas (RMs) para o exercício agachamento parcial (AP) e total (AT). Na segunda sessão, os voluntários realizaram 10-RMs no exercício AP e AT com as sobrecargas ajustadas. Então, os participantes foram orientados a reportar a PSE. Um teste t de student pareado foi utilizado para comparar as médias. Os resultados mostram maior volume relativo (AP: 1,14±0,24xMC vs. AT: 0,87±0,24xMC; P<0,001) e volume absoluto (AP: 925±249 kg vs AT: 708±232 kg, respectivamente, P<0,001) no agachamento parcial quando comparado ao total. A PSE não apresentou diferenças significantes entre amplitudes (AP: 8,6±1,3 vs AT: 8,5±1,0; P=0,855). Conclui-se que a realização do AP possibilita a produção de maior volume absoluto e não influencia a PSE.
The purpose was to investigate the relationship between internal training load (ITL), external training load (ETL) and heart rate variability (HRV) in women. 16 women (48.2 ± 6.4 yrs) performed HRV ...recordings (i.e. lnRMSSD – cardiovagal modulation) and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) before and after 12 aerobic training sessions. HRV threshold (HRVT) were used to prescribe aerobic ETL. The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) was analyzed and served as the measure of ITL. The score found for ITL in the 12 sessions was 2878 ± 380 arbitrary units and ETL were 36822 ± 5852 m. A significant difference was observed in the lnRMSSD (3.14 ± 0.30 vs. 3.43 ± 0.38 ms−1; P = 0.001). There were observed large correlation between lnRMSSD at baseline vs ISWT (r = 0.73, P = 0.001), HRVT (r = 0.67, P = 0.004) and ITL (r = 0.62, P = 0.011). Very large correlation between individual smallest worthwhile change lnRMSSD after training and ITL (r = 0.81, P = 0.0001) was observed. There is a strong association between the HRV and aerobic performance (HRVT and ISWTdistance) and strong relationship between HRV and the potential to accumulate ITL, but not aerobic ETL in women.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of post-activation potentiation (PAP), carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse, and the combination of both strategies on repeated sprint ability (RSA). ...Twenty male soccer players (age = 18.9 ± 0.9 years, body mass = 71.8 ± 5.2 kg, height = 178.2 ± 6.3 cm) randomly performed four experimental conditions before RSA test (six sets of 40 m): (I) placebo (PLA) control, (II) CHO mouth rinse (6% maltodextrin), (III) PAP + PLA, and (IV) PAP + CHO. The PAP protocol involved two sets of five repetitions (80% 1RM) of the back squat exercise. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the experimental conditions. Results indicated that PAP + CHO and PAP + PLA had better results for the variables best sprint time, mean sprint time, and total sprint time compared with CHO and PLA (p < 0.001; small effect size). No significant interaction between the experimental conditions was observed for the variable RSA performance decrement, and no significant difference between conditions, i.e., PAP + CHO vs. PAP + PLA and CHO vs. PLA control was found. In conclusion, PAP positively affects RSA performance in soccer players; however, the combination of PAP and CHO mouth rinse showed no additional effect.
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