A new load frequency control (LFC) technique for a multiarea steam-hydropower system (MASHPS) with parameter uncertainty is proposed in this research. A second-order sliding mode control (SMC) via ...double integrated sliding surface is meant to improve MASHPS frequency regulation, tie-line power management, and dependability. This strategy not only increases asymptotic stability and dependability of MASHPS, but it also reduces the chattering problem that is inherent in first-order SMC. Furthermore, the new linear matrix inequality based on Lyapunov stability is used to analyze the entire MASHPS stabilization. For the LFC research, the efficient achievement of the proposed technique is investigated in a two-area steam-hydropower system. Under parameter uncertainties and various assumed load disturbances from households, commercial buildings, and industries, the proposed second-order SMC via double integral sliding surface proves to be highly robust and improves the MASHPS response in terms of frequency regulation, tie-line power management, and system reliability when compared to other existing proposed methods with less uncertainty consideration. Overall, the results indicate that the novel approach is feasible for MASHPS LFC and power system reliability.
This work studies the SWIPT-based half-duplex (HD) decode-and-forward (DF) relay network, wherein the relay user can scavenge power from the source’s radio-frequency (RF) signals and then utilize it ...to convey the information to the destination. Specifically, two SWIPT-based relaying schemes, termed static power splitting- (SPS-) based relaying (SPSR) and optimal dynamic power splitting- (DPS-) based relaying (ODPSR), are proposed to investigate the benefits of each one fully. Based on the above discussions, the relaying system’s performance for outage probability (OP) is studied. Concretely, we derive the analytical expressions for both SPSR and DPSR methods. Finally, the numerical simulations are executed to corroborate the analysis and simulation results.
Smart homes are an element of developing smart cities. In recent years, countries around the world have spared no effort in promoting smart cities. Smart homes are an interesting technological ...advancement that can make people’s lives much more convenient. The development of smart homes involves multiple technological aspects, which include big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and even artificial intelligence. Digital information is the main component of signal control and flow in a smart home, while information security is another important aspect. In the event of equipment failure, the task of safeguarding the system’s information is of the utmost importance. Since smart homes are automatically controlled, the problem of mobile network security must be taken seriously. To address these issues, this paper focuses on information security, big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. Security efficiency can be enhanced by using a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256), which is an authentication mechanism that, with the help of the user, can authenticate each interaction of a given device with a WebServer by using an encrypted username, password, and token. This framework could be used for an automated burglar alarm system, guest attendance monitoring, and light switches, all of which are easily integrated with any smart city base. In this way, IoT solutions can allow real-time monitoring and connection with central systems for automated burglar alarms. The monitoring framework is developed on the strength of the web application to obtain real-time display, storage, and warning functions for local or remote monitoring control. The monitoring system is stable and reliable when applying SHA-256.
An improved method using the phase angle shift characteristic of the sine wave is proposed to diagnose the fault states of the current sensors in an induction motor drive. The induction motor drive ...(IMD) system applied in this study uses the field-oriented control (FOC) loop with integrated two current sensors and a speed encoder to control the rotor speed. The space vectors created from the phase angle shift technique are compared to the estimated current for the fault diagnosis algorithm. Various types of current sensor failures are investigated by MATLAB/Simulink software to check the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results have proved the performance of the proposed method in enhancing the reliability and stability of the IMD system.
This paper presents first results and test of passive detection of Digisonde signal obtained at the Průhonice station, Czech Republic. Described technique can be used to analyze signals transmitted ...by the Digisonde and further received by simple loop antenna. The receiving system is based on the software defined radio (SDR USRP N210). The device works as the two channels receiver. This method will be employed to record oblique ionograms at several locations in the Czech Republic forming a simple array for detection of fine structures within ionospheric plasma using common DPS 4D transmitter. Using relatively inexpensive passive detection helps to increase a number of reflection points which leads to a better spatial coverage of the ionosphere sounding. The device represents a complementary measurement for detection of signal transmitted by Digisondes in European sector.
This paper describes an induction motor speed estimation using the observer with back electromotive force-based model reference adaptive system and Kalman filter. In the first part of the paper, ...there is a mathematical description of the rotor speed observer. The second part of the paper includes Kalman filter that is used for the filtration of measured stator currents and obtaining their time derivatives. The third part contains a description of the laboratory workplace with the induction motor drive and active load unit that was used for an experimental verification of the rotor speed observer. The last section of the paper shows experimental results that were obtained for different changes in the induction motor speed. The experimental results confirmed expected dynamic properties of the induction motor drive with sensorless control.
This paper investigates the decode-and-forward (DF) full-duplex (FD) relaying system under the presence of an eavesdropper. Moreover, the relay node is able to harvest energy from a transmitter, and ...then it uses the harvested energy for conveying information to the receiver. Besides, both two-hop and direct relaying links are taking into consideration. In the mathematical analysis, we derived the exact expressions for intercept probability and outage probability (OP) by applying maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) techniques at the receiver. Next, the Monte Carlo simulation is performed to validate the mathematical analysis. The results show that the simulation curves match the mathematic expressions, which confirms the analysis section.
In this paper, we introduce a half-duplex (HD) energy harvesting (EH) relay network over the different fading environment with the effect of hardware impairment (HI). The model system was ...investigated with the amplify-and-forward (AF) and the power splitting (PS) protocols. The system performance analysis in term of the outage probability (OP), achievable throughput (AT), and bit error rate (BER) were demonstrated with the closed-form expressions. In addition, the power splitting (PS) factor was investigated. We verified the analytical analysis by Monte Carlo simulation with all primary parameters. From the results, we can state that the analytical and simulation results match well with each other.
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