Nowadays, scholars expect to measure religiosity in different ways, but these measurements run counter to the purpose for which “religiosity” was originally coined, which was to be highlighted and ...differentiated from “religion” under the “the crisis of modernity of religion”; so, this important concept should be redefined. However, the redefinition and analysis of religiosity needs to include the contribution of religious studies, thus correcting the bias of sociology of religion towards sociology, as well as the reflection on pluralism of religions. Among them, thinking about Buddha nature can provide a valuable reference for the redefining of “religiosity”. First of all, the discussion of Buddha nature can provide a philosophical and value-level supplement to the understanding of “religiosity”, making the originally flattened empirical interpretation three-dimensional; secondly, the reflection on Buddha nature influenced by Chinese culture can provide oriental wisdom for the definition of religiosity. For example, Chineseized Buddhist thought incorporates the traditional Chinese understanding of human nature. On the basis of the discussion of Buddha nature, it can be seen that “religiosity” has different emphases in different religions, but there are still areas of consistency under these different understandings and expressions. Thus, the redefinition of “religiosity” should both reflect these consistencies and address the reasons for the inconsistencies through a hierarchical division. Since the redefinition of “religiosity” is not only conducive to inter-religious dialogue, but also relates to the answer to a series of important questions, such as the prediction of the future of religions, its meaning needs to be updated in accordance with the changes in the times.
Iodine ion is one of the most indispensable anions in living organisms, particularly being an important substance for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Curcumin is a yellow-orange polyphenol ...compound derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., which has been commonly used as a spice and natural coloring agent, food additives, cosmetics as well as Chinese medicine. However, excess curcumin may cause DNA inactivation, lead to a decrease in intracellular ATP levels, and trigger the tissue necrosis. Therefore, quantitative detection of iodine and curcumin is of great significance in the fields of food and life sciences. Herein, we develop nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots (NCDs) as a multi-mechanism detection for iodide and curcumin in actual complex biological and food samples, which was prepared by a one-step solid-phase synthesis using tartaric acid and urea as precursors without adding any other reagents. An assembled NCDs-Hg2+ fluorescence-enhanced sensor for the quantitative detection of I− was established based on a fluorescence “turn-off-on” mechanism in a linear range of 0.3–15 μM with a detection limit of 69.4 nM and successfully quantified trace amounts of I− in water samples and urine sample. Meanwhile, the as-synthesized NCDs also can be used as a fluorescent quenched sensor for curcumin detection based on the synergistic internal filtration effect (IFE) and static quenching, achieving a good linear range of 0.1–20 μM with a satisfactory detection limit of 29.8 nM. These results indicate that carbon dots are potential sensing materials for iodine and curcumin detection for the good of our health.
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•Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with tartaric acid and urea as precursors without any additives.•High-sensitive determination of I− with assembled NCDs-Hg2+ fluorescence-enhanced sensor.•Fluorescence sensor for curcumin detection with good linear response, high specificity, and high sensitivity.•Successful applications for I− and curcumin in water, urine, and foods.
Total Electron Content (TEC) from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is used to ascertain the impact of space weather events on navigation and communication systems. TEC is detrended by ...several methods to show this impact. Information from the detrended TEC may or may not necessarily represent a geophysical parameter. In this study, two commonly used detrending methods, Savitzky–Golay filter and polynomial fitting, are evaluated during thunderstorm events in Hong Kong. A two-step approach of detection and distinguishing is introduced alongside linear correlation in order to determine the best detrending model. Savitzky–Golay filter on order six and with a time window length of 120 min performed the best in detecting lightning events, and had the highest moderate positive correlation of 0.4. That the best time frame was 120 min suggests that the observed disturbances could be travelling ionospheric disturbance (TID), with lightning as the potential source.
Radio base stations (RBS) are composed of antenna systems on a steel tower, radio equipment systems on the ground, and interconnection signal/power cables. They are frequently exposed to lightning ...strikes. For protection against lightning, modeling such complex systems is always a necessary but tricky task. In this paper, a procedure is presented to model the RBS system. The steel structure that may carry substantial lightning currents during lightning strikes is included in the model. To facilitate time-domain simulations for frequency-dependent conductors, a vector fitting enhanced PEEC method is adopted. In this method, magnetic material, skin effect, and proximity effect are taken into account. Meanwhile, the models of protection circuits at the equipment ports are presented. Their circuit parameters are provided with the data collected from experiments. Laboratory tests on a simplified radio-base-station system are performed. Good agreements with the simulation results are observed. Finally, lightning surges in a practical RBS system are presented.
This paper presents an extended thin-wire model for simulating lightning surge or wave propagation on lossy round wire structures. The wire structures are represented with time-domain cascade ...circuits, and are integrated into a traditional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) thin-wire model for the simulation. The model for solid round conductors, cylindrical tubes, and coaxial conductors is provided, and the skin effect is fully considered. In the coaxial structure, the currents in both inner and outer conductors are not necessarily balanced. The proposed model has been validated analytically and numerically, and good agreements have been observed. It has been applied to analyze lightning current sharing in a lossy radio-frequency coaxial cable. Compared with the traditional FDTD method, this extended thin-wire model requires less memory space and computation time in the simulation.
Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used to precisely edit plant genomes. Due to the difficulty in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of wheat, the reported applications in ...CRISPR/Cas9 system were all based on the biolistic transformation.
In the present study, we efficiently applied targeted mutagenesis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) protoplasts and transgenic T0 plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Seven target sites in three genes (Pinb, waxy and DA1) were selected to construct individual expression vectors. The activities of the sgRNAs were evaluated by transforming the constructed vectors into wheat protoplasts. Mutations in the targets were detected by Illumina sequencing. Genome editing, including insertions or deletions at the target sites, was found in the wheat protoplast cells. The highest mutation efficiency was 6.8% in the DA1 gene. The CRISPR/Cas9 binary vector targeting the DA1 gene was then transformed into common wheat plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, resulting in efficient target gene editing in the T0 generation. Thirteen mutant lines were generated, and the mutation efficiency was 54.17%. Mutations were found in the A and B genomes of the transgenic plants but not in the D genome. In addition, off-target mutations were not detected in regions that were highly homologous to the sgRNA sequences.
Our results showed that our Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for targeted mutations and facilitated wheat genetic improvement.
We theoretically study the non-Markovian disentanglement dynamics of a two-qubit system coupled to nonequilibrium environments with nonstationary and non-Markovian random telegraph noise statistical ...properties. The reduced density matrix of the two-qubit system can be expressed as the Kraus representation in terms of the tensor products of the single qubit Kraus operators. We derive the relation between the entanglement and nonlocality of the two-qubit system which are both closely associated with the decoherence function. We identify the threshold values of the decoherence function to ensure the existences of the concurrence and nonlocal quantum correlations for an arbitrary evolution time when the two-qubit system is initially prepared in the composite Bell states and the Werner states, respectively. It is shown that the environmental nonequilibrium feature can suppress the disentanglement dynamics and reduce the entanglement revivals in non-Markovian dynamics regime. In addition, the environmental nonequilibrium feature can enhance the nonlocality of the two-qubit system. Moreover, the entanglement sudden death and rebirth phenomena and the transition between quantum and classical nonlocalities closely depend on the parameters of the initial states and the environmental parameters in nonequilibrium environments.
Abstract
With the advantages of the low cost of transmission lines and high efficiency, the DC microgrid has become a rising star in the low‐voltage network. However, multi‐source and ...multi‐transformation characteristics in DC microgrids will lead to the existence of various forms of ripple generation sources in the system. The existence of a large amount of ripple not only directly cause the reduction of power quality of DC microgrids, but also decreases the accuracy of electricity billing. It is vital to achieving accurate ripple detection for the reliable power supply of the DC microgrid. A DC‐side ripple detection method, which combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Variational Modal Decomposition (VMD), and Hilbert Transform (HT), is therefore investigated and proposed here. Firstly, the sample entropy (SampEn) is used as the fitness function, applied the whale optimization algorithm, is to determine the optimal decomposition scale and penalty factor, of the variational modal decomposition; then, the ripple‐containing DC signal is decomposed into a series of eigenmodal components (imf) by the optimized variational modal decomposition algorithm. Finally, the Hilbert Transform is performed to obtain the amplitude and frequency of the ripple components. To prove the effectiveness, the proposed method is compared with the conventional Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the VMD algorithm, by testing simulated DC signals without and with noise. Results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and noise robustness than the EMD and VMD algorithms.
Underground cables such as pipe-type cables are widely used in urban power industry. In this study, an advanced thin-wire model of the pipe-type cables is 3D FDTD simulations. In this model, the ...multi-conductor cables are represented with two-level transmission line equations. A stabilising technique with a 1D spatial low-pass filter is proposed to maintain computational stability. Frequency-dependent losses are fully considered by using a vector-fitting technique. The proposed thin-wire model is validated with the multi-conductor transmission line theory analytically and the traditional FDTD method numerically. Good agreements are observed. It is found that the simulation maintains stability for 360,000-time steps. Compared to the traditional FDTD method, the memory space and computation time of the proposed model can be reduced by 73% and 98%, respectively. Induced lightning currents in a cable connection station are analysed. It is found that, without considering soil ionisation and soil stratification, the peak current in the metallic armour is 1.54 times as much as the one with considering these non-linear effects. It can be reduced by 9.04% and 18.6% if the cable is buried at depths of 1 m and 1.5 m, compared with the case of a 0.5 m buried depth.
Abstract
Compared with the traditional solution, the microgrid (MG) employed capacitive coupling inverters (CCIs) with higher reactive power capacity can effectively reduce the probability of low ...voltage. However, because of the special coupling structure, different power flow control methods will greatly affect the cost and operation efficiency of the CCI. A multi‐layer and timescale optimal power flow control considering inverter‐layer is therefore proposed in this paper. Firstly, the power output characteristics of CCI are analyzed, and the power flow control model of CCI with an energy storage unit is established. Secondly, an optimal control method on different timescales was proposed. By coordinating the active power output and the reserved charging state margin of the energy storage unit, the CCI‐MG reactive power regulation with the most economical and minimum loss was realized, so as to achieve long‐term voltage stability and dynamic satisfaction of load demands. Furthermore, the optimal power flow control of CCI is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the optimal control of active and reactive power of MG, and also improve the voltage stability of AC bus under the economical operation of CCI.
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