China has introduced a high-level school sports policy to solve the major educational problem of the continuous decline of young people’s physical health. The attitude of students has a significant ...impact on the effectiveness of policy implementation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of the effect of students’ school sports policy attitudes on physical quality to provide a reference for improving students’ physical health and promoting the implementation effect of school sports policy. A total of 2676 college students in China voluntarily participated in the survey. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is a significant positive correlation among college students’ school sports policy attitudes, physical quality, and physical exercise (
τ
= 0.083–0.127,
p
< 0.001). The results of structural equation modeling showed that college students’ physical exercise partially mediates in the influence of school sports policy attitudes on physical quality. The multi-group analysis found that there was a significant gender difference in the mediating model of physical exercise (
p
< 0.001). This was mainly reflected in the influence of school sports policy attitudes on exercise behavior (
β
male
= 0.119,
β
female
= 0.015,
Z
= |-2.528| > 1.960). The study concluded that improving college students’ school sports policy attitudes can help them develop good physical exercise behavior, and then promote their physical health. For male students, emphasis should be placed on actively guiding school sports policy attitudes. For female students, emphasis should be placed on cultivating physical exercise behavior.
Clinical cases of allergic reaction that are due to excipients containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), a hydrophilic molecule commonly used in drug/vaccine formulations, has attracted much attention in ...recent years. In order to develop PEG-free adjuvants, we investigated the feasibility of natural ingredients in the human body such as hyaluronic acid in the form of hyaluronic acid-glycine cholesterol (HACH) conjugate as an excipient for vaccine formulation. Interestingly, HACH grafted with ~13 wt.% cholesterol has good water dispersity and can serve as an emulsifier to stabilize the squalene/water interfaces, yielding a milky white and isotropic emulsion (SQ@HACH) after being passed through a high-shear microfluidizer. Our results show that SQ@HACH particles possessed a unimodal average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 190 nm measured by dynamic light scattering and exhibited good stability upon storage at 4 °C and 37 °C for over 20 weeks. The results of immunogenicity using a mouse model with ovalbumin (OVA) as the antigen revealed that SQ@HACH significantly enhanced antigen-specific immune responses, including the polarization of IgG antibodies, the cytokine secretions of T cells, and enhancement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. Moreover, SQ@HACH revealed lower local inflammation and rapidly absorbing properties compared with AlPO4 after intramuscular injection in vivo, indicating the potential functions of the HA-derived conjugate as an excipient in vaccine formulations for enhancement of T cell-mediated immunity.
Severe injuries to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) require Schwann cells to aid in neuronal regeneration. Low-frequency electrical stimulation is known to induce the cogrowth of neurons and ...Schwann cells in an injured PNS. However, the correlations between electrical stimulation and Schwann cell viability are complex and not well understood. In this work, we develop a machine learning (ML)-integrated workflow that uses conductive hydrogel biointerfaces to evaluate the impacts of fabrication parameters and electrical stimulation on the Schwann cell viability. First, a hydrogel array with varying MXene and peptide loadings is fabricated, which serves as conductive biointerfaces to incubate Schwann cells and introduce various electrical stimulation (at different voltages and frequencies). Upon specific fabrication parameters and stimulation, the cell viability is evaluated and input into an artificial neural network model to train the model. Additionally, a data augmentation method is applied to synthesize 1000-fold virtual data points, enabling the construction of a high-accuracy prediction model (with a testing mean absolute error ≤11%). By harnessing the model’s predictive power, we can accurately predict Schwann cell viability based on a given set of fabrication/stimulation parameters. Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations model interpretation provides several data-scientific insights that are validated by microscopic cellular observations. Our hybrid approach, involving conductive biointerface fabrication, ML algorithms, and data analysis, offers an unconventional platform to construct a preclinical prediction model at the cellular level.
Apelin is a peptide originally isolated from bovine stomach tissue extracts and identified as an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor; recent work showed that apelin ameliorates the ischemic injury ...in the heart and the brain. Being an analogue to the angiotensin II receptor, the apelin/APJ signaling may mediate angiogenesis process. We explored the noninvasive intranasal brain delivery method and investigated therapeutic effects of apelin-13 in a focal ischemic stroke model of mice. Intranasal administration of apelin-13 (4 mg/kg) was given 30 min after the onset of stroke and repeated once daily. Three days after stroke, mice received apelin-13 had significantly reduced infarct volume and less neuronal death in the penumbra. Western blot analyses showed upregulated levels of apelin, apelin receptor APLNR, and Bcl-2 and decreased caspase-3 activation in the apelin-13-treated brain. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA increased in the ischemic brain, which were significantly attenuated by apelin-13. Apelin-13 remarkably reduced microglia recruitment and activation in the penumbra according to morphological features of Iba-1-positive cells 3 days after ischemia. Apelin-13 significantly increased the expression of angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 14 days after stroke. Angiogenesis illustrated by collagen IV + /5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridin + colabeled cells was significantly increased by the apelin-13 treatment 21 days after stroke. Finally, apelin-13 promoted the local cerebral blood flow restoration and long-term functional recovery. This study demonstrates a noninvasive intranasal delivery of apelin-13 after stroke, suggesting that the reduced inflammatory activities, decreased cell death, and increased angiogenesis contribute to the therapeutic benefits of apelin-13.
Stroke is a leading cause of human death and disability in the adult population in the United States and around the world. While stroke treatment is limited, stem cell transplantation has emerged as ...a promising regenerative therapy to replace or repair damaged tissues and enhance functional recovery after stroke. Recently, the creation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells through reprogramming of somatic cells has revolutionized cell therapy by providing an unlimited source of autologous cells for transplantation. In addition, the creation of vector-free and transgene-free human iPS (hiPS) cells provides a new generation of stem cells with a reduced risk of tumor formation that was associated with the random integration of viral vectors seen with previous techniques. However, the potential use of these cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke has not been explored. In the present investigation, we examined the neuronal differentiation of vector-free and transgene-free hiPS cells and the transplantation of hiPS cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPS-NPCs) in an ischemic stroke model in mice. Vector-free hiPS cells were maintained in feeder-free and serum-free conditions and differentiated into functional neurons in vitro using a newly developed differentiation protocol. Twenty eight days after transplantation in stroke mice, hiPS-NPCs showed mature neuronal markers in vivo. No tumor formation was seen up to 12 months after transplantation. Transplantation of hiPS-NPCs restored neurovascular coupling, increased trophic support and promoted behavioral recovery after stroke. These data suggest that using vector-free and transgene-free hiPS cells in stem cell therapy are safe and efficacious in enhancing recovery after focal ischemic stroke in mice.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune disease in developed countries. In clinical treatment, steroids have been used as bridging and adjunctive therapy after disease-modifying ...anti-rheumatic drug administration. However, the severe side effects caused by the nonspecific targeting of organs followed by long-term administration have limited their usage in RA. In this study, poorly water-soluble triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a highly potent corticosteroid for intra-articular injection, is conjugated on hyaluronic acid (HA) for intravenous purposes with increased specific drug accumulation in inflamed parts for RA. Our results demonstrate that the designed HA/TA coupling reaction reveals >98 % conjugation efficiency in the dimethyl sulfoxide/water system, and the resulting HA-TA conjugates show lower osteoblastic apoptosis compared with that in free TA-treated osteoblast-like NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, in a collagen-antibody-induced arthritis animal study, HA-TA conjugates enhanced the initiative targeting ability to inflame tissue and reduce the histopathological arthritic changes (score = 0). Additionally, the level of bone formation marker P1NP in HA-TA-treated ovariectomized mice (303.6 ± 40.6 pg/mL) is significantly higher than that in the free TA-treated group (143.1 ± 3.9 pg/mL), indicating the potential for osteoporotic reduction using an efficient HA conjugation strategy for the long-term administration of steroids against RA.
•Poorly water-soluble steroids triamcinolone acetonide was successfully conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA-TA).•HA-TA showed high conjugation efficiency above 98 % using DIC/Oxyma coupling strategy.•HA-TA conjugates revealed massive targeting ability to the inflamed joint and ankle.•Bone formation marker was increased by HA-TA compared with that of glucocorticoids treatments•HA-TA significantly decreased the glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic-like cells.
Using the linear combination operator method and variational technique improved by Tokuda, we obtain the expression of the effective mass of a strong coupled polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot. ...Due to the spin–orbit interaction, the effective mass of the polaron splits into two branches. The dependence of effective mass on temperature, electron–phonon coupling strength, transverse and longitudinal confinement lengths, and velocity is discussed by numerical calculation. The theoretical results indicate that the effective mass of the polaron is an increasing function of temperature and electron–phonon coupling strength, but a decreasing function of transverse confinement length, longitudinal confinement length, and velocity. The absolute value of spin splitting effective mass increases with the increase of temperature and spin–orbit coupling parameter, but decreases with the increase of transverse confinement length, longitudinal confinement length, and velocity. Due to the heavy hole characteristic, the spin splitting effective mass is negative.
The enhancements of electrolysis-pretreated conditioning were investigated in this study. Normalized capillary suction time (CST) was used to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Extracellular polymeric ...substance (EPS) concentration, viscosity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were determined to explain the observed changes in conditioning process. It indicated that pretreatment at 50
v and 5
min with Ti/RuO
2 anode was determined to be the optimal condition, which generated the lowest normalized CST and optimal soluble EPS concentration, leading to the decreasing of viscosity. EPS had positive correlation with the normalized CST. Subjecting to a combination of electrolysis pretreatment and flocculants conditioning, 50% dosage of cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) could be reduced. When co-conditioned with electrolysis and polymerization ferric sulfate (PFS), it did not present any clear advantages over PFS conditioning alone. Furthermore, SEM investigation indicated that electrolysis pretreatment could rupture sludge, release the interstitial water and extracellular substances, especially protein and polysaccharide, and consequently enhance its dewaterability.
This study explored Pholiota nameko (P. nameko) polysaccharide fractions, PNP-40, PNP-60, and PNP-80, purified by gradient concentrations of ethanol (40%, 60%, and 80% (v/v)). The physicochemical ...properties, functional group composition, moisture-preserving, and antioxidant ability were determined. The results indicate that the polysaccharide contents of PNP-40, PNP-60, and PNP-80 are 45.12%, 78.04%, and 72.22%, respectively, while the β-glucan, protein, and uronic acid contents are 20.20%, 12.20%, and 10.15%, respectively; 11.24%, 14.53%, and 26.94%; and 5.99%, 7.73%, and 3.78%. Furthermore, PNP-60 has better moisture absorption, while PNP-80 has better antioxidant ability and H2O2-injury resistance activity. Monosaccharide composition analysis shows that P. nameko belongs to heteropolysaccharides, which consists of galactose, glucose, and mannose with different types and ratios, and the molecular weight are distributed at 4.40–333.49kDa. It was found that different polysaccharide fractions have the potential to be a moisturizer and an antioxidant, and their active ingredients could be used in the development of cosmetic ingredients.
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