Peri-implant diseases are considered to be a chronic destructive inflammatory destruction/damage occurring in soft and hard peri-implant tissues during the patient's perennial use after implant ...restoration and have attracted much attention because of their high incidence. Although most studies seem to suggest that the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases is similar to that of periodontal diseases and that both begin with microbial infection, the specific mechanism of peri-implant diseases remains unclear. As an oral opportunistic pathogen,
(
) has been demonstrated to be vital for the occurrence and development of many oral infectious diseases, especially periodontal diseases. More notably, the latest relevant studies suggest that
may contribute to the occurrence and development of peri-implant diseases. Considering the close connection between peri-implant diseases and periodontal diseases, a summary of the role of
in periodontal diseases may provide more research directions and ideas for the peri-implantation mechanism. In this review, we summarize the effects of
on periodontal diseases by biofilm formation, host infection, and host response, and then we establish the relationship between periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Based on the above aspects, we discuss the importance and potential value of
in peri-implant diseases.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking. Neural dynamics are spatially structured and shaped by both microscale molecular and macroscale functional ...architectures, which are disturbed in the diseased brain. The neural mechanism underlying the schizophrenia-nicotine dependence comorbidity remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to test whether there is an interaction between schizophrenia and smoking in brain neural dynamics, and how the main effect of the 2 factors related to the molecular architecture. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 4 groups: schizophrenia and healthy controls with/without smoking. We identified 2 dynamics gradients combined with over 5,000 statistical features of the brain region's time series. The interaction effect was found in the high-order functional network, and the main effect of schizophrenia was in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortices. Moreover, the disease- and smoking-related alteration in brain pattern was associated with spatial distribution of serotonin, cannabinoid, and glutamate. Collectively, these findings supported the self-medication hypothesis in schizophrenia-nicotine dependence with a neural intrinsic dynamics perspective.
As an emerging therapeutic modality, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) indiscriminately degrade proteins in both healthy and diseased cells, posing a risk of on-target off-site toxicity in ...normal tissues. Herein, we present the modular development of enzyme-activatable PROTACs, which utilize enzyme-recognition moieties to block protein degradation activities and can be specifically activated by elevated enzymes in cancer cells to enable cell-selective protein degradation and cancer targeting. We identified the methylene alkoxy carbamate (MAC) unit as an optimal self-immolative linker, possessing high stability and release efficiency for conjugating enzyme-recognition moieties with PROTACs. Leveraging the MAC linker, we developed a series of enzyme-activatable PROTACs, harnessing distinct enzymes for cancer-cell-selective protein degradation. Significantly, we introduced the first dual-enzyme-activatable PROTAC that requires the presence of two cancer-associated enzymes for activation, demonstrating highly selective protein degradation in cancer cells over nonmalignant cells, potent in vivo antitumor efficacy, and no off-tumor toxicity to normal tissues. The broad applicability of enzyme-activatable PROTACs was further demonstrated by caging other PROTACs via the MAC linker to target different proteins and E3 ligases. Our work underscores the substantial potential of enzyme-activatable PROTACs in overcoming the off-site toxicity associated with conventional PROTACs and offers new opportunities for targeted cancer treatment.
Hyperspectral technology, with its high spectrum resolution and nanometer continuous spectral information acquisition ability, provide a possibility for rapidly and nondestructive evaluating compost ...maturity. In this study, the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis techniques was used to analyze quantitatively organic matter (OM) content, total nitrogen (TN) content and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in compost based on two different composting procedures. In the basis of spectra preprocessing and strategies of variable selection, the nonlinear modeling LBC-siPLS-PLSR for OM, MSC-SPA-PLSR for TN and R-SPA-PLSR for C/N ratio was respectively constructed using partial least squares regression (PLSR). LBC-siPLS-PLSR, MSC-SPA-PLSR and R-SPA-PLSR provided a better prediction capability with root mean square error of prediction, the coefficient of determination for prediction and residual predictive deviation values of 4.061, 0.746 and 2.02 for OM, values of 0.205, 0.65 and 1.71 for TN and values of 1.11, 0.706 and 2.07 for C/N ratio, respectively. These results showed that the NIRS technique could be fitted to each element, using specific spectrum pretreatment, in order to achieve an acceptable accuracy in the prediction.
As an important part of the additive manufacturing technology, wire arc additive manufacture (WAAM) is outstanding with high deposition efficiency, large size of deposited parts, short periodic time, ...and low costs. WAAM also shows potential in in-situ composite manufacturing and gradient material preparation. Given the potential in wire arc manufacturing of double-alloy gradient structured materials, the walls were deposited using alternating feeds (depositing a layer of A wire and then depositing a layer of B wire) of high-strength-low-plasticity ZL205 and low-strength-high-plasticity 4043 welding wire. In this process, the liquid phases of the two types of wire were efficiently mixed, which showed a regular distribution of molten pool track and avoided evident defects. Generally, through such gradient structure design, high-strength low-toughness materials and high-toughness low-strength materials can be effectively combined, which achieves the regulation of mechanical properties. Specifically, the overall structural and mechanical properties can be improved by adjusting the proportion of a certain component. As an extension from the wire arc printing technology, WAAM shows extremely high application potential and industrial values. Moreover, the addition of a dissimilar alloy can decrease the formation of columnar grains during additive manufacturing. Such compositional gradient can destroy the columnar extensive growth during the deposition in WAAM.
This work illustrates a reductive cross-electrophile coupling protocol for trifluoromethylation of alkyl iodides under Cu-catalyzed/Ni-promoted reaction conditions. The use of diboron esters as the ...terminal reductant allows the effective generation of the alkyl–CF3 products with excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. A mechanism involving a reaction of alkyl–Cu with Togni’s reagent was proposed.
This work emphasizes the synthesis of alkyl esters via Cu-catalyzed and In-mediated alkoxycarbonylation of unactivated alkyl iodides in the presence of In or InI. The reactions were suitable for the ...preparation of primary, secondary, and even tertiary alkyl esters, representing an exceptionally rare example for the creation of quaternary carbon centers upon formation of esters. The preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that alkyl radicals were involved, and Cu/In/CO played a cooperative role in the carbonylation event.
l
-Lactylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification occurring on histone lysine residues to regulate gene expression. However, the substrate scope of lactylation, especially that ...in non-histone proteins, remains unknown, largely due to the limitations of current methods for analyzing lactylated proteins. Herein, we report an alkynyl-functionalized bioorthogonal chemical reporter, YnLac, for the detection and identification of protein lactylation in mammalian cells. Our in-gel fluorescence and chemical proteomic analyses show that YnLac is metabolically incorporated into lactylated proteins and directly labels known lactylated lysines of histones. We further apply YnLac to the proteome-wide profiling of lactylation, revealing many novel modification sites in non-histone proteins for the first time. Moreover, we demonstrate that lactylation of a newly identified substrate protein PARP1 regulates its ADP-ribosylation activity. Our study thus provides a powerful chemical tool for characterizing protein lactylation and greatly expands our understanding of substrate proteins and functions of this new modification.
YnLac is an alkynyl-functionalized
l
-lactate analogue that is metabolically incorporated into
l
-lactylated proteins in live cells, enabling the fluorescence detection and proteomic identification of novel
l
-lactylated proteins.
The stems and leaves of
Panax notoginseng
contain high saponins, but they are often discarded as agricultural waste. In this study, the predominant ginsenosides Rg1, Rc, and Rb2, presented in the ...stems and leaves of ginseng plants, were biotransformed into value-added rare ginsenosides F1, compound Mc1 (C-Mc1), and Rd2, respectively. A fungal strain YMS6 (
Penicillium
sp.) was screened from the soil as a biocatalyst with high selectivity for the deglycosylation of major ginsenosides. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the yields of F1, C-Mc1, and Rd2 were 97.95, 68.64, and 79.58%, respectively. This study provides a new microbial resource for the selective conversion of protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type major saponins into rare ginsenosides via the whole-cell biotransformation and offers a solution for the better utilization of
P
.
notoginseng
waste.
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