Customers’ preferences for prefabricated building or conventional cast-in-situ building directly affect the decision-making process for strategic selection of building developers. This study utilizes ...a Hotelling model integrating game theory, including the market share function, product price function, and profit function of duopoly building developers to contribute a new approach to assist decision makers in their selection of developers for their projects. By analyzing different strategy combinations and the income matrix, we obtained the strategy combinations of duopoly building developers and the income matrix strategies, market share, optimal price and maximum profit. Managerial implications were discussed for government and building developers. Finally, we presented the research contribution as well as future research direction.
Based on a bio-heuristic algorithm, this paper proposes a novel path planner called obstacle avoidance beetle antennae search (OABAS) algorithm, which is applied to the global path planning of ...unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Compared with the previous bio-heuristic algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper has advantages of a wide search range and breakneck search speed, which resolves the contradictory requirements of the high computational complexity of the bio-heuristic algorithm and real-time path planning of UAVs. Besides, the constraints used by the proposed algorithm satisfy various characteristics of the path, such as shorter path length, maximum allowed turning angle, and obstacle avoidance. Ignoring the
-axis optimization by combining with the minimum threat surface (MTS), the resultant path meets the requirements of efficiency and safety. The effectiveness of the algorithm is substantiated by applying the proposed path planning algorithm on the UAVs. Moreover, comparisons with other existing algorithms further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed OABAS algorithm.
Mobile robots are becoming more and more widely used in industry and life, so the navigation of robots in dynamic environments has become an urgent problem to be solved. Dynamic path planning has, ...therefore, received more attention. This paper proposes a real-time dynamic path planning method for mobile robots that can avoid both static and dynamic obstacles. The proposed intelligent optimization method can not only get a better path but also has outstanding advantages in planning time. The algorithm used in the proposed method is a hybrid algorithm based on the beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm and the artificial potential field (APF) algorithm, termed the BAS-APF method. By establishing a potential field, the convergence speed is accelerated, and the defect that the APF is easily trapped in the local minimum value is also avoided. At the same time, by setting a security scope to make the path closer to the available path in the real environment, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified through simulative results.
The biological and functional heterogeneity between tumors—both across and within cancer types—poses a challenge for immunotherapy. To understand the factors underlying tumor immune heterogeneity and ...immunotherapy sensitivity, we established a library of congenic tumor cell clones from an autochthonous mouse model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These clones generated tumors that recapitulated T cell-inflamed and non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments upon implantation in immunocompetent mice, with distinct patterns of infiltration by immune cell subsets. Co-injecting tumor cell clones revealed the non-T-cell-inflamed phenotype is dominant and that both quantitative and qualitative features of intratumoral CD8+ T cells determine response to therapy. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses revealed tumor-cell-intrinsic production of the chemokine CXCL1 as a determinant of the non-T-cell-inflamed microenvironment, and ablation of CXCL1 promoted T cell infiltration and sensitivity to a combination immunotherapy regimen. Thus, tumor cell-intrinsic factors shape the tumor immune microenvironment and influence the outcome of immunotherapy.
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•Generated a library of congenic pancreatic cancer cell clones derived from KPC mice•Each tumor elicited unique immune infiltration correlating with therapeutic response•Tumors lacking T cells exhibit different epigenetic and transcriptomic status•CXCL1 was increased in therapy-resistant tumors that lacked T cell infiltration
Using a library of pancreatic cancer cell clones, Li et al. identify heterogeneous and multifactorial pathways regulating tumor-cell-intrinsic mechanisms that dictate the immune microenvironment and thereby responses to immunotherapy. This tumor clone library provides a tool for identifying new targets responsible for thwarting responses to immunotherapy in resistant tumors.
Abstract
RNA modifications have become hot topics recently. By influencing RNA processes, including generation, transportation, function, and metabolization, they act as critical regulators of cell ...biology. The immune cell abnormality in human diseases is also a research focus and progressing rapidly these years. Studies have demonstrated that RNA modifications participate in the multiple biological processes of immune cells, including development, differentiation, activation, migration, and polarization, thereby modulating the immune responses and are involved in some immune related diseases. In this review, we present existing knowledge of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications, including
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-methyladenosine (m
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A), 5-methylcytosine (m
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C),
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-methyladenosine (m
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A),
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-methylguanosine (m
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G),
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-acetylcytosine (ac
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C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and summarize their critical roles in immune cell biology. Via regulating the biological processes of immune cells, RNA modifications can participate in the pathogenesis of immune related diseases, such as cancers, infection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We further highlight the challenges and future directions based on the existing knowledge. All in all, this review will provide helpful knowledge as well as novel ideas for the researchers in this area.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) enables precise object localization and imaging, which has propelled the rapid development of algorithms for maritime ship identification and detection. However, most ...current deep learning-based algorithms tend to increase network depth to improve detection accuracy, which may result in the loss of effective features of the target. In response to this challenge, this paper innovatively proposes an object-enhanced network, OE-YOLO, designed specifically for SAR ship detection. Firstly, we input the original image into an improved CFAR detector, which enhances the network’s ability to localize and perform object extraction by providing more information through an additional channel. Additionally, the Coordinate Attention mechanism (CA) is introduced into the backbone of YOLOv7-tiny to improve the model’s ability to capture spatial and positional information in the image, thereby alleviating the problem of losing the position of small objects. Furthermore, to enhance the model’s detection capability for multi-scale objects, we optimize the neck part of the original model to integrate the Asymptotic Feature Fusion (AFF) network. Finally, the proposed network model is thoroughly tested and evaluated using publicly available SAR image datasets, including the SAR-Ship-Dataset and HRSID dataset. In comparison to the baseline method YOLOv7-tiny, OE-YOLO exhibits superior performance with a lower parameter count. When compared with other commonly used deep learning-based detection methods, OE-YOLO demonstrates optimal performance and more accurate detection results.
An achromatic snapshot full-Stokes imaging polarimeter (ASSIP) that enables the acquisition of 2D-spatial full Stokes parameters from a single exposure is presented. It is based on the ...division-of-aperture polarimetry using an array of four-quadrant achromatic elliptical analyzers as polarization state analyzer (PSA). The optimization of PSA is addressed for achieving immunity of Gaussian and Poisson noises. An extended eigenvalue calibration method (ECM) is proposed to calibrate the system, which considers the imperfectness of retarder and polarizer samples and the intensity attenuation of polarizer sample. A compact prototype of ASSIP operating over the waveband of 450-650 nm and an optimized calibration setup are developed. The achromatic performance is evaluated at three bandwidths of 10, 25, and 200 nm, respectively. The results show that the prototype with an uncooled CMOS camera works well at each bandwidth. The instrument matrix determined at the narrower bandwidth is more applicable to the wider one. The uncertainties of the calibrated instrument matrices and reconstructed Stokes parameters are improved by using the extended EMC at each bandwidth. To speed up the acquisition of high-contrast images, wide bandwidth along with short exposure time is preferable. The snapshot capability was verified via capturing dynamic scenes.
Three-dimensional (3D) surface models, e.g., digital elevation models (DEMs), are important for planetary exploration missions and scientific research. Current DEMs of the Martian surface are mainly ...generated by laser altimetry or photogrammetry, which have respective limitations. Laser altimetry cannot produce high-resolution DEMs; photogrammetry requires stereo images, but high-resolution stereo images of Mars are rare. An alternative is the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique, which implicitly learns features by assigning corresponding inputs and outputs. In recent years, CNNs have exhibited promising performance in the 3D reconstruction of close-range scenes. In this paper, we present a CNN-based algorithm that is capable of generating DEMs from single images; the DEMs have the same resolutions as the input images. An existing low-resolution DEM is used to provide global information. Synthetic and real data, including context camera (CTX) images and DEMs from stereo High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images, are used as training data. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using single CTX images of representative landforms on Mars, and the generated DEMs are compared with those obtained from stereo HiRISE images. The experimental results show promising performance of the proposed method. The topographic details are well reconstructed, and the geometric accuracies achieve root-mean-square error (RMSE) values ranging from 2.1 m to 12.2 m (approximately 0.5 to 2 pixels in the image space). The experimental results show that the proposed CNN-based method has great potential for 3D surface reconstruction in planetary applications.
Numerous biologics are currently licensed for the treatment of psoriasis, including new drugs targeting interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23). This meta-analysis evaluated the short-term ...(12–16 weeks) efficacy and safety of biologics targeting IL-17 and IL-23 in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Twenty-one randomized clinical trials met the defined inclusion criteria. Our results showed that Ixekizumab (160 mg wk0 + 80 mg q2w) had the greatest probability of achieving both PASI 75 (RR 21.32, 95% CI 15.48–29.36, P < 0.00001) and PASI 90 response (RR 59.76, 95% CI 32.41–110.19, P < 0.00001) at the primary endpoint times, followed by Ustekinumab and Secukinumab. Regarding the safety profile, Tildtakizumab (200 mg, q4w) was safest (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99, P = 0.04), while Ixekizumab (160 mg wk0 + 80 mg q2w) showed highest risk for one or more AE (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38, P < 0.00001). However, there was no significant difference between the two biologics regarding one or more SAEs. Comparing to the biologics targeting IL-23, the pooled effect size favored the biological agents targeting IL-17 in terms of the PASI 75 (PASI 75: RR 17.28, 95% CI 14.51–20.58, P < 0.00001) and PASI 90 (RR 37.19, 95% CI 26.91–51.41, P < 0.00001). The rate of overall AEs was significantly higher (P < 0.00001) in biologics targeting the IL-17 (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12–1.24, P < 0.00001) compared to biologics targeting IL-23 (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91–1.04, P = 0.44), and with respect to one or more SAEs, no difference was seen between biologics targeting IL-17 and IL-23. This meta-analysis found that Ixekizumab was the most effective short-term treatment, but was ranked as the most risk therapeutic choice among the biologics involved in this study, while Tildtakizumab was the best alternative in the case of safety. Furthermore, it demonstrated that biologics inhibiting IL-17 were superior to biologics targeting IL-23 in terms of the efficacy, but posed higher risk at the same time. This study might help the clinicians and guideline developers to choose the optimal one among these biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
•Ixekizumab showed highest efficacy and risk in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.•The safest biologics was Tildtakizumab among the agents targeting IL-17 and IL-23.•Biologics inhibiting IL-17 had better efficacy than biologics targeting IL-23.•Biologics inhibiting IL-23 were shown to be safer than biologics targeting IL-17.
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