We unveil the connection between the acoustic impedance along a flat surface and the reflected acoustic wavefront, in order to empower a wide wariety of novel applications in acoustic community. Our ...designed flat surface can generate double reflections: the ordinary reflection and the extraordinary one whose wavefront is manipulated by the proposed impedance-governed generalized Snell's law of reflection (IGSL). IGSL is based on Green's function and integral equation, instead of Fermat's principle for optical wavefront manipulation. Remarkably, via the adjustment of the designed specific acoustic impedance, extraordinary reflection can be steered for unprecedented acoustic wavefront while that ordinary reflection can be surprisingly switched on or off. The realization of the complex discontinuity of the impedance surface has been proposed using Helmholtz resonators.
Platostoma palustre is an annual herb and an important medicinal and edible plant in southern China. Plastic-film mulching is an effective agronomic practice in the cultivation system of P. palustre, ...of which black-film mulching is the most common. However, fewer researches have been focused on the use of other colors of plastic films in P. palustre cultivation. In this study, different colors (white, black, red, and green) of plastic film were adopted, and the effects of different colors of plastic film mulching on the soil temperature, yield, and metabolites of P. palustre were investigated. The results showed that the fresh weight of a single plant of the green film treatment was significantly higher than that of the white film treatment (n = top 28). Based on the results of three temperature measurements, the soil temperature was almost the highest in the red film treatment and lowest in the white film treatment. The metabolomic analysis revealed that a total of 103 differential metabolites were identified. Among these, the gluconic acid, deoxyribose, and N-Acetylmannosamine in the red film treatment presented the highest abundance compared with the other treatments, meanwhile, the abundances of the five monosaccharides in the red film treatment were significantly higher than those of the green film treatment. Moreover, the sucrose, trehalose, and D-(+)-trehalose in the green film treatment exhibited the highest abundance, and the abundances of eight different amino acids in the red film treatment were almost the lowest while those in the black film treatment were almost the highest. Further analysis of the membership function values indicated that the black and red film treatments might be more suitable for the cultivation and quality production of P. palustre in comparison with the other two treatments. This study will provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficient cultivation technology of P. palustre and forming a theoretical system of P. palustre film mulching cultivation.
Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton is an important edible and medicinal plant. To gain a comprehensive and clear understanding of the variation patterns of metabolites in P. palustre , we ...employed the UPLC-MS platform along with widely targeted metabolomics techniques to analyze the metabolites in the stems and leaves of P. palustre at different stages. Our results revealed a total of 1228 detected metabolites, including 241 phenolic acids, 203 flavonoids, 152 lipids, 128 terpenes, 106 amino acids, 79 organic acids, 74 saccharides, 66 alkaloids, 44 lignans, etc. As the growth time increased, the differential metabolites (DAMs) mainly enriched in P. palustre leaves were terpenoids, phenolic acids, and lipids, while the DAMs primarily enriched in stems were terpenoids. Compared to stems, there were more differential flavonoids in leaves, and saccharides and flavonoids were significantly enriched in leaves during the S1 and S2 stages. Additionally, we identified 13, 10, and 23 potential markers in leaf, stem, and leaf vs. stem comparison groups. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that arginine biosynthesis was the common differential metabolic pathway in different growth stages and tissues. Overall, this study comprehensively analyzed the metabolic profile information of P. palustre , serving as a solid foundation for its further development and utilization.
The high reliability of the communication system is critical in metro and mining applications for personal safety, channel optimization, and improving operational performance. This paper surveys the ...progress of wireless communication systems in underground environments such as tunnels and mines from 1920 to 2022, including the evolution of primitive technology, advancements in channel modelling, and realization of various wireless propagation channels. In addition, the existing and advanced channel modeling strategies, which include the evolution of different technologies and their applications; mathematical, analytical, and experimental techniques for radio propagation; and significance of the radiation characteristics, antenna placement, and physical environment of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, are analyzed. The given study introduces leaky coaxial cable (LCX) and distributed antenna system (DAS) designs for improving narrowband and wideband channel capacity. The paper concludes by figuring out open research areas for the future technologies.
The emerging invisibility schemes mainly adopt transformation optics, scattering cancellation, light diffusion, and metasurface‐based phase restoration techniques. However, those aforementioned ...invisibility achievements natively depend on the predefined curvature, polarization, frequency, and/or angle of the incident wave. Here, an invisibility strategy of using an ultrathin parabolic‐phase metasurface and its applications to achieve diffusive invisibility for dual‐polarization channels and multifrequency channels is reported. Such strategy can intrinsically split the wavenumber of the scattering wave and therein is termed as wavenumber‐splitting metasurface. For verification, two proof‐of‐concept examples are experimentally characterized. The first prototype manifests dual‐polarized near‐isotropic diffusive scattering immune from wide‐angle incidences. The second demonstration exhibits bifunctionality of combined diffusive invisibility and vortex scattering in dual‐polarization channels. In both cases, theoretical, numerical and experimental results agree well, illustrating a well‐separated triple‐band versatile scattering behavior. This approach addresses the fundamental issue of real invisibility under bistatic detection without complex optimization, thanks to the physical essence of numerous splitting wave vectors. Such strategy opens an upstream way to realize invisibility as well as holding the potentials for downstream applications such as stealth and camouflaging devices.
An invisibility strategy of wavenumber‐splitting metasurfaces is reported, which can achieve diffusive invisibility for dual‐polarization channels and multifrequency channels in wide‐angle incidences. Such strategy circumvents the drawbacks of emerging invisibility schemes such as transformation optics, scattering cancellation, light diffusion, and metasurface‐based phase restoration techniques, which are dependent on the predefined curvature, polarization, frequency, and/or angle of the incident wave.
A dual-band negative group delay (NGD) microwave circuit with low signal-attenuation and arbitrary frequency ratio is proposed. Closed-form analytical equations are derived for the design of the ...proposed dual-band negative group delay circuit (NGDC) with the variable frequency ratio. The characteristic parameters of the microstrip lines that influence the frequency ratio are investigated. Under the condition that the microstrip circuit can be implemented with the common printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication technology, the frequency ratio can vary between 1.1 and 6.3. For verification, three dual-band NGDCs with the frequency ratio of 1.105, 3, and 5.667 are designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreements are observed between simulated and measured results, indicating the validity of the proposed methods.
Hyperdiploidy (chromosomal number 51‐65) is a common cytogenetic abnormality in pediatric patients with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and belongs to the favorable cytogenetic subgroup. ...Hyperdiploidy in adult B‐ALL is much less common and its clinical significance has not been well studied. Among the 1205 patients with B‐ALL (1018 adults and 187 children) from our institution, 78 had a hyperdiploid karyotype, including 45 (4.4%) adults and 33 (17.6%) children (P < 0.0001). Among the patients with hyperdiploid B‐ALL, the adult group had a significantly inferior survival (similar to the patients with a normal karyotype) compared with the pediatric group (median survival: 42 months vs undefined, P = 0.0029). Hyperdiploidy in adults B‐ALL tended to more frequently harbor structural abnormalities (two or more) than children (53% vs 33%). Two or more structural abnormalities in a hyperdiploidy correlated with an adverse survival in adult patients (33 months vs undefined, P = 0.0008), similar to the survival of patients with a complex karyotype. We conclude that hyperdiploidy in adults with B‐ALL is less favorable and more commonly contains structural abnormalities comparing to pediatric patients. We suggest that hyperdiploidy with two or more structural abnormalities are best considered as a complex karyotype in adults with B‐ALL.
Hyperdiploidy in adult B‐ALL is more frequently associated with structural abnormalities and a less favorable outcome comparing to it in children B‐ALL. Hyperdiploidy with two or more structural abnormalities is better to be classified as a complex karyotype in adult B‐ALL.
Abstract The Sobol method is a variance-based global sensitivity analysis method that evaluates single-input and multiple-input interaction effects by calculating the contribution of a single input ...to the output variance and the contribution of multiple inputs to the output variance. The Sobol method requires each input to obey a uniform distribution of U 0,1, but it is difficult to meet the requirements in practice. Taking the sum function as an example, this paper analyzes the inapplicability of the existing Sobol method when the input does not obey the uniform distribution U 0,1. To solve the inapplicability of the Sobol method and broaden the application scope, an improved Sobol sensitivity analysis method is proposed. First, the effect of the joint probability density function not 1 on sensitivity calculation is studied; second, the input parameters are changed to uniform distribution U 0,1 through variable substitution; finally, a complete algorithm model is presented and logical sensitivity analysis results are obtained. Application verification shows that the improved Sobol method is more scientific, applicable and practical.
•Ingesting retrograded starch reduced the cholesterol levels of high-fat diet mice.•Ingesting retrograded starch decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota.•Ingesting retrograded starch increased ...butyric acid and secondary bile acids levels.•Bacteroides were positively linked to butyric acid with anti-inflammatory functions.
High-fat diet is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, whose symptoms are probably regulated by ingesting food ingredients such as resistant starch. For cooked rice stored in cold-chain, the starch component can retrograde to generate ordered structures (helices and crystallites) and become resistant. However, the role of retrograded starch in managing hyperlipidemia symptoms is insufficiently understood. Here, compared to the normal high-fat diet, ingesting retrograded starch reduced the triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of high-fat diet mice by 17.69% and 41.33%, respectively. This relieved hyperlipidemia could be linked to the changes in intestinal bacteria. Retrograded starch intervention increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides (2.30 times higher), which produces propionic acid (increased by 8.26%). Meanwhile, Bacteroides were positively correlated with butyric acid (increased by 98.4%) with strong anti-inflammatory functions. Hence, retrograded starch intervention may regulate the body's health by altering intestinal bacteria.
PDF
