The density and typology of existing social services in a given country are dependent on a set of factors including the social model, cultural, social and legal traditions, the general regulatory ...framework and those specific to the labour market, protection and social assistance, demo-economic structures of the population, the general level of income and the proportions of the incomes of various economic and social categories, the strategic priorities and the financial resources available to the central and local authorities, the propensity of private operators and non-governmental organizations for involvement in the sphere of social services, the levers that society uses to increase this propensity, etc. An important element in the decision to start a business in a certain area taken by the categories of entrepreneurs in situations of vulnerability or with family members in such situations, the social services experience an uneven territorial distribution in Romania. The analyses performed in Romania, based on 2016 data, reveal the existence of important differences in the typology and density of the social services both by residential area (urban, rural) and the region of development, in correlation with the level of development of the county/region and the wealth of the population.
•The study highlights the differences between the EU agricultural model and the Romanian one.•Economic mechanisms and policies less adequate to the specific features of Romanian agriculture.•The ...agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the EU-27 model.•CAP payments affect the evolution of the inland agricultural sector.•Romanian farmers are still strongly disfavored in relation to their competitors from EU-15.
The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.
Background: The evolutions of the inputs price and investment indices of the products in agriculture are not only determinant elements in understanding the fluctuations of the food price and the ...market instability, specific to the agricultural sector but also affects the agricultural production and traceability. Analyzing the European evolutions of the inputs price indices of agricultural products offer the possibility to understand the main trends and tendencies in the agricultural system by reviling the main trend tenancies during a nine year period long. Purpose: The main aim of the study is to investigate the evolution of input price indices of agricultural products in order to underline the specific patterns, trends and implications of the agricultural policies. In addition, the research pays a special attention to the investigation of the Romanian agricultural policy evolution on the most relevant time frame of economic conformity with the European agricultural model. The descriptive analysis is based on the specific annual datasets of price indices of the means of inputs in agricultural production, and the index of real prices of goods and services for investments in agriculture during 2008 - 2017, reported to 2010 as the baseline year. Findings/conclusions: The analyses confirms that the agricultural sector evolution has generated significant input and investment prince changes and unprecedented trend evolutions that led to the massive changes on the agricultural pattern. We strongly advocate and recommend for promoting a solid capacity and durable agricultural production systems and policies through sustainable and long term investments in order to avoid disruptive tendencies in the agricultural market system. Limitations/future research: The research explore the evolutions of the inputs price and investments indices of the products in the European agriculture only form the descriptive analysis without covering an extensive framework or considering other additional variables which consist the main limitation of this study. In a future research the authors will address and extend the research framework by inserting additional variables and items and propose a large and integrative model of analysys.
The following commentary approaches the issue on the economic effects generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the work of Acad. Daniel Dăianu, Pandemic and the economy. What's next?
Land grabbing represents a fundamental problem in the transitional and post-transitional economies. The transfer of land property rights impose a dramatically change of agricultural production ...structure, including affecting the food safety and security. The main aim of this article is the analysis of the possible effects and transformation imposed by the transfer of land property in a post-transitional agricultural economy and to identify possible solution in valuing the lands as main production factors. Also in the study are taking into consideration the effects of Common Agricultural Policy financing mechanism in supporting land transfers.
Modeling demographic data has been on the agenda of statisticians for many years. Some of the distributions used are Pareto, reverse Pareto, q-exponential and log-normal models. An approach to this ...problem is to consider three statistical models: one for the upper tail, one for the middle range, and another for the lower tail. This paper deals with the size distribution of urban and rural agglomerations in Romania for the 1992–2017 period, by comparing the recently introduced three log-normal mixture (3LN), Pareto tails log-normal (PTLN), and threshold double Pareto Generalized Beta of second kind (tdPGB2) models. The tdPGB2 statistical model has the PTLN distribution as a limiting case. The maximum likelihood estimates of the distributions are computed, and goodness-of-fit tests are performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS), Cramér–von Mises (CM) and Anderson–Darling (AD) statistics. Also, we use the Vuong and Bayes factor log-likelihood tests. Using both graphical and formal statistical tests, our results rigorously confirm that the 3LN model is statistically equivalent to PTLN and tdPGB2 distributions, the preferred model being the PTLN probability law. Both the PTLN and tdPGB2 distributions have Pareto tails but the 3LN model does not. All the three models prove to be very well suited parameterizations of Romania’s city size data.
•Fitting of cities size of Romania both from models having or not Pareto tails.•Comparisons of Pareto tails and LN or GB2 body distributions to mixtures of LN models.•Statistical equivalence of mixture of LN models to Pareto tails and different bodies.•Introduction of the threshold double Pareto GB2 model (tdPGB2).
The recent shift in the global energy paradigm and the expansion of renewable energy, spurred by the global COVID-19 epidemic and as a consequence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, require assessing ...the complexity of the energy ecosystem to transition to a low-carbon economy. While the most of the literature is centered on analyzing the energy sector and the transformation determined by the energy transition to renewables or investigating the need for energy diversification, there has been less attention focused to assessing the complexity of energy ecosystems toward transiting a climate neutral society, despite determinant potential of policy implications. The main aim of this study is to analyze the complexity behavior and the resilience of the Romanian energy system in the period 2015 to 2020 and to compare the complexity situations in 2015, 2016 and 2020. The study is based on the quantitative complexity management approach developed by Ontonix™ (
2022
) and it is carried out using the OntoSpace™ software. The results indicate higher complexity of the Romanian energy ecosystem since 2016, which highlights a higher difficulty of governing it.
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