is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy and is associated with several outbreaks, causing substantial economic loss to the porcine industry.
In this study, we focused on demonstrating the ...protective effect in the mouse model through the immunological bases of two vaccine strains against porcine proliferative enteritis.
We used live-attenuated
Typhimurium (ST) secreting two selected immunogenic LI antigens (
autotransporter A epitopes and flagellin FliC-peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein-FliC) as the vaccine carrier. The constructs were cloned into a
expression vector (pJHL65) and transformed into the ST strain (JOL912). The expression of immunogenic proteins within
was evaluated via immunoblotting.
Immunizing BALB/c mice orally and subcutaneously induced high levels of LI-specific systemic immunoglobulin G and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A. In immunized mice, there was significant upregulation of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 cytokine mRNA and an increase in the subpopulations of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4
and CD 8
T lymphocytes upon splenocytes re-stimulation with LI antigens. We observed significant protection in C57BL/6 mice against challenge with 10
times the median tissue culture infectious dose of LI or 2 × 10
colony-forming units of the virulent ST strain. Immunizing mice with either individual vaccine strains or co-mixture inhibited bacterial proliferation, with a marked reduction in the percentage of mice shedding
in their feces.
-mediated LI gene delivery induces robust humoral and cellular immune reactions, leading to significant protection against LI and salmonellosis.
Genomic evaluation has been widely applied to several species using commercial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping platforms. This study investigated the informative genomic regions and ...the efficiency of genomic prediction by using two Bayesian approaches (BayesB and BayesC) under two moderate-density SNP genotyping panels in Korean Duroc pigs. Growth and production records of 1026 individuals were genotyped using two medium-density, SNP genotyping platforms: Illumina60K and GeneSeek80K. These platforms consisted of 61,565 and 68,528 SNP markers, respectively. The deregressed estimated breeding values (DEBVs) derived from estimated breeding values (EBVs) and their reliabilities were taken as response variables. Two Bayesian approaches were implemented to perform the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction. Multiple significant regions for days to 90 kg (DAYS), lean muscle area (LMA), and lean percent (PCL) were detected. The most significant SNP marker, located near the MC4R gene, was detected using GeneSeek80K. Accuracy of genomic predictions was higher using the GeneSeek80K SNP panel for DAYS (Δ2%) and LMA (Δ2-3%) with two response variables, with no gains in accuracy by the Bayesian approaches in four growth and production-related traits. Genomic prediction is best derived from DEBVs including parental information as a response variable between two DEBVs regardless of the genotyping platform and the Bayesian method for genomic prediction accuracy in Korean Duroc pig breeding.
Feed ingredients used in swine diets contain various levels and availabilities of nutrients. Nutritional precision evaluation of each ingredient is necessary for formulating diets of pigs. ...Especially, phosphorous (P) is one of important nutrients for metabolism. However, current data of P digestibility were most apparent digestibility. Therefore, this study was aimed to estimate the coefficient of total tract standardized digestibility (CTTSD) of P in cereals and various co-products used in pig diet. Twelve barrows (initial BW ± SD, 46.70 ± 3.21 kg) were used in this experiment. The experimental design was a 12 × 8 incomplete Latin square with 12 diets and 8 periods. Experimental diets were consisted of barley, wheat, lupine kernel (LK), soybean meal (SBM), almond meal (AM), corn gluten meal (CGM), corn gluten feed from China (CGF-C), corn gluten feed from Korea (CGF-C), wheat bran (WB), rice bran (RB), lupine hull (LH) and P-free diet. The CTTAD of Ca was higher in AM than RB and CGF-K. The LK and CGM showed greater CTTSD of P than RB and LH. In conclusion, our results indicated that the cereals and co-products as P sources were the ideally used as an ingredient in mixed diets of the growing-finishing pigs.
Closely correlated expression patterns between ubiquitin specific peptidase
9X-linked (USP9X) and adherens junction formation factor (Afadin) in mouse
testis development suggests that Usp9x regulates ...the deubiquitination of Af-6
(also known as Afadin, AFDN), and subsequently, the cell adhesion dynamics
during gametogenesis. However, this relationship has not yet been tested in
other domestic animals. The study was examined the temporal and spatial
expression patterns of porcine USP9X and AFDN from the pre-pubertal to adult
stages using real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we detected
the transcripts of USP9X and AFDN in the testis of 1-, 6- and 12-months old
boar, respectively. USP9X and AFDN were found to have similar expressions
patterns, with basal expression after 1 month followed by a significant
up-regulation from 6 months (puberty) onwards. In addition, neither the AFDN or
USP9X proteins were detected in spermatogenic cells but they were expressed in
the leydig cells and sertoli cells. USP9X was detected around the basal lamina
during pre-puberty, and predominantly expressed in the leydig cells at puberty.
Finally, in adult testis, USP9X was increased at the sertoli cell-cell interface
and the sertoli cell-spermatid interface. In summary, closely correlated
expression patterns between USP9X and AFDN in boar testis supports the previous
findings in mice. Furthermore, the junction connections between the sertoli
cells may be regulated by the ubiquitination process mediated via USP9X.
A dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter may interconnect a battery and a dc grid to achieve UPS or peak shaving functions which bring potential benefits to the power distribution for telecom ...equipment. Such application requires the DAB converter having fast dynamic response. In this work, a feedforward algorithm is proposed to achieve peak-current-control strategy. The proposed approach can facilitate the converter to generate fast response to reference steps comparing with a traditional PI control method, and does not need the leakage inductance information of transformer comparing with other advanced methods. The simulation result is given to verify the effectiveness and feasibility.
It is envisioned that in future dc power distribution of telecom systems and data centers the smart loads will communicated with sources informing of the changes in operation. This paper presents a ...strategy based on a pre-energized auxiliary power circuit to suppress fast transients from electronic loads. Since the transient-occurrence time will be informed by the load, the auxiliary circuit will pre-energize the dc bus and will inject additional current to counteract the change in load and in this way smooth the transient. In this paper, the design and operation principle of the proposed auxiliary circuit is explained. The proposed approach is verified in a dc microgrid model with 380 VDC and 24 VDC buses and is shown to be very effective in suppressing the load transients.
Background: Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy and is associated with several outbreaks, causing substantial economic loss to the porcine industry. ...Objectives: In this study, we focused on demonstrating the protective effect in the mouse model through the immunological bases of two vaccine strains against porcine proliferative enteritis. Methods: We used live-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) secreting two selected immunogenic LI antigens (Lawsonia autotransporter A epitopes and flagellin FliC-peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein-FliC) as the vaccine carrier. The constructs were cloned into a Salmonella expression vector (pJHL65) and transformed into the ST strain (JOL912). The expression of immunogenic proteins within Salmonella was evaluated via immunoblotting. Results: Immunizing BALB/c mice orally and subcutaneously induced high levels of LI-specific systemic immunoglobulin G and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A. In immunized mice, there was significant upregulation of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 cytokine mRNA and an increase in the subpopulations of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD 8+ T lymphocytes upon splenocytes re-stimulation with LI antigens. We observed significant protection in C57BL/6 mice against challenge with 106.9 times the median tissue culture infectious dose of LI or 2 × 109 colony-forming units of the virulent ST strain. Immunizing mice with either individual vaccine strains or co-mixture inhibited bacterial proliferation, with a marked reduction in the percentage of mice shedding Lawsonia in their feces. Conclusions: Salmonella-mediated LI gene delivery induces robust humoral and cellular immune reactions, leading to significant protection against LI and salmonellosis.
To protect the transistors operating in high-power converters, the simple and low-cost RCD snubber circuits are widely used. This paper presents operation and design principles of RCD snubbers that ...can be effectively used in many industrial applications. The typical RCD snubbers can be classified as: 1) the switch-side snubber (if the snubbers are connected at the collector-emitter terminals of the transistor switch) and 2) the bus-side snubber (if the snubbers are connected at the dc bus). These two classes of snubbers are compared in terms of energy losses and operation under variable duty cycle theoretically. The latter snubber topology is chosen in this work as a more advantageous approach. The paper further proposes the design methodology for the bus-side snubbers. The proposed snubber methodology and its functionality are verified using the detailed simulation as well as the experimental prototype of a three-phase converter feeding 60-hp induction motor.
PDF
