Abstract The objective was to test the hypothesis of no difference in long-term (≥5 years) implant treatment outcomes after maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with autogenous bone graft ...compared to a mixture of autogenous bone graft and bone substitutes or bone substitutes alone. A MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library search in combination with a hand-search of relevant journals was conducted. Human studies published in English between January 1, 1990 and October 1, 2016 were included. Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The survival of suprastructures has never been compared within the same study. The 5-year implant survival after MSFA with autogenous bone graft was 97%, compared to 95% for Bio-Oss; the reduction in vertical height of the augmented sinus was equivalent with the two treatment modalities. Non-comparative studies demonstrated high survival rates for suprastructures and implants regardless of the grafting material used. Meta-analysis revealed an overall estimated patient-based implant survival of 95% (confidence interval 0.92–0.96). High implant stability quotient values, high patient satisfaction, and limited peri-implant marginal bone loss were revealed in non-comparative studies. No long-term randomized controlled trial comparing the different treatment modalities was identified. Hence, the conclusions drawn from the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution.
Abstract Purpose To determine the correlates of survival for patients diagnosed with adenosquamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with adenosquamous ...carcinoma of the head and neck between 1973 and 2012 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment modalities that determine overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results 235 patients diagnosed with adenosquamous of the head and neck were analyzed. 66.8% were male and 33.2% were female with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis determined 5-year survival rates of 30% for OS and 50% for DSS. Univariate and multivariate analysis found that age at diagnosis, tumor size, tumor extent of disease, surgical resection, and radiation therapy were independent predictors of OS and DSS. Conclusion This study, to our knowledge, is the largest study to date determining the correlates of survival for adenosquamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Older age at diagnosis, larger tumor size, and further extent of disease were correlated with decreased survival. Surgical resection improves survival in patients with localized or regional disease while radiation therapy confers survival benefit in patients with distant extent.
Abstract Peptide coupled alginates obtained by chemical functionalization of alginates are commonly used as scaffold materials for cells in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We here ...present an alternative to the commonly used carbodiimide chemistry, using partial periodate oxidation followed by reductive amination. High and precise degrees of substitution were obtained with high reproducibility, and without formation of by-products. A protocol was established using l -Tyrosine methyl ester as a model compound and the non-toxic pic-BH3 as the reducing agent. DOSY was used to indirectly verify covalent binding and the structure of the product was further elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The coupling efficiency was to some extent dependent on alginate composition, being most efficient on mannuronan. Three different bioactive peptide sequences (GRGDYP, GRGDSP and KHIFSDDSSE) were coupled to 8% periodate oxidized alginate resulting in degrees of substitution between 3.9 and 6.9%. Cell adhesion studies of mouse myoblasts (C2C12) and human dental stem cells (RP89) to gels containing various amounts of GRGDSP coupled alginate demonstrated the bioactivity of the material where RP89 cells needed higher peptide concentrations to adhere.
This article presents empirical evidence of a reserve-induced transmission channel of quantitative easing to long-term interest rates. Reserve-induced effects are independent of the assets purchased ...and run through the impact of reserve expansions on bank balance sheets and the resulting bank portfolio rebalancing. For evidence, we analyse the reaction of Swiss long-term government bond yields to announcements by the Swiss National Bank to expand central bank reserves without acquiring any long-lived securities. The data suggest that declines in long-term yields following the announcements mainly reflected reduced term premiums, consistent with reserve-induced portfolio balance effects.
Alginates are a broad family of linear (unbranched) polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds and some bacteria. Despite having only two monomers, i.e. β-d-mannuronate (M) and its C5 epimer ...α-l-guluronate (G), their blockwise arrangement in oligomannuronate (..MMM..), oligoguluronate (..GGG..), and polyalternating (..MGMG..) blocks endows it with a rather complex interaction pattern with specific counterions and salts. Classic polyelectrolyte theories well apply to alginate as polyanion in the interaction with monovalent and non-gelling divalent cations. The use of divalent gelling ions, such as Ca2+, Ba2+ or Sr2+, provides thermostable homogeneous or heterogeneous hydrogels where the block composition affects both macroscopic and microscopic properties. The mechanism of alginate gelation is still explained in terms of the original egg-box model, although over the years some novel insights have been proposed.
In this review we summarize several decades of research related to structure-functionships in alginates in the presence of non-gelling and gelling cations and present some novel applications in the field of self-assembling nanoparticles and use of radionuclides.
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Albumin is the most abundant plasmaprotein serving multiple functions as a carrier of metabolites, hormones, vitamins, and drugs, as an acid/base buffer, as antioxidant and by supporting the oncotic ...pressure and volume of the blood. The presence of albumin in urine is considered to be the result of the balance between glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. Albuminuria has been accepted as an independent risk factor and a marker for renal as well as cardiovascular disease, and during the past decade, evidence has suggested that albumin itself may cause progression of renal disease. Thus, the reduction of proteinuria and, in particular, albuminuria has become a target in itself to prevent deterioration of renal function. Studies have shown albumin and its ligands to induce expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators, and it has been hypothesized that increased filtration of albumin causes excessive tubular reabsorption, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in the loss of renal function. In addition, it is known that tubular dysfunction in itself may cause albuminuria owing to decreased reabsorption of filtered albumin, and, recently, it has been suggested that significant amounts of albumin fragments are excreted in the urine as a result of tubular degradation. Thus, although both tubular and glomerular dysfunction influences renal handling of albumin, it appears that tubular reabsorption plays a central role in mediating the effects of albumin on renal function. The present paper will review the mechanisms for tubular albumin uptake and the possible implications for the development of renal disease.
We analyse declines in government bond yields following announcements by the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England of plans to buy longer term debt. Using dynamic term structure models, we ...decompose US and UK yields into expectations about future short-term interest rates and term premiums. We find that declines in US yields mainly reflected lower expectations of future short-term interest rates, while declines in UK yields appeared to reflect reduced term premiums. Thus, the relative importance of the signalling and portfolio balance channels of quantitative easing may depend on market institutional structures and central bank communication policies.
A limited degree (typically 1–20%) of periodate oxidation of polysaccharides may give rise to derivatives with entirely altered chemical and physical properties. Notably, the ring opening caused by ...periodate leads to the formation of highly flexible ‘hinges’ in otherwise rather semiflexible or rigid structures. This review highlights selected examples with the main focus on periodate oxidation of alginates, chitosans, hyaluronan, scleroglucan/schizophyllan, and cellulose.
The structural and elastic properties of orthorhombic black phosphorus have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The structural parameters have ...been calculated using the local density approximation (LDA), the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and with several dispersion corrections to include van der Waals interactions. It is found that the dispersion corrections improve the lattice parameters over LDA and GGA in comparison with experimental results. The calculations reproduce well the experimental trends under pressure and show that van der Waals interactions are most important for the crystallographic b axis in the sense that they have the largest effect on the bonding between the phosphorus layers. The elastic constants are calculated and are found to be in good agreement with experimental values. The calculated C sub(22) elastic constant is significantly larger than the C sub(11) and C sub(33) parameters, implying that black phosphorus is stiffer against strain along the a axis than along the b and c axes. From the calculated elastic constants, the mechanical properties, such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are obtained. The calculated Raman active optical phonon frequencies and their pressure variations are in excellent agreement with available experimental results.
Extensive carcinoma cuniculatum of the mandible Shay, Sophie, MD; Choy, Winward, BA; Christensen, Russell E., DDS ...
American journal of otolaryngology,
05/2015, Volume:
36, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Abstract Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma first described in 1954. Cases of CC in the head and neck are exceedingly rare, with 66 cases reported since 1977. ...These tumors are generally low-grade, well-differentiated and locally aggressive malignancies. Patients are often subjected to a long period of misdiagnoses given the clinical similarity of these entities to odontogenic cysts and abscesses. We report a case of a carcinoma cuniculatum of the mandible with very advanced local involvement of disease, highlighting the unusual characteristics of this rare tumor that are important for clinicians to recognize. Clinical presentation, histology, risk factors, treatment options, and prognosis are also reviewed.
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