Purpose
Low expression of long intergenic non-coding RNA
LINC00472
in breast cancer is associated with aggressive tumors and unfavorable disease outcomes in multiple clinical datasets, but the ...reasons for these associations were unknown.
Methods
To study the mechanisms underlying the lncRNA’s connection to breast cancer, we investigated the molecular targets and regulation of
LINC00472
in breast cancer cells, and analyzed relevant molecular features in relation to patient survival. Gene expression profiles of breast cancer cells overexpressing
LINC00472
were analyzed for its regulatory pathways and downstream targets. Effects of
LINC00472
overexpression on cell behaviors were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Meta-analysis was performed using online datasets and our own study.
Results
Analysis of
LINC00472
transcriptome revealed ERα upregulation of
LINC00472
expression, and an ERα-binding site in the
LINC00472
promoter was identified. Evaluation of
LINC00472
overexpression also indicated a possible link between
LINC00472
and NF-κB. Cell experiments confirmed that
LINC00472
suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα through binding to IKKβ, inhibiting its phosphorylation. High
LINC00472
expression inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and suppressed aggressive tumor cell behaviors in vitro. Suppressing
LINC00472
expression in ER-positive tumor cells increased cell aggressive behaviors. Tamoxifen treatment of ER-positive cells inhibited ERα and
LINC00472
expression and increased p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. Meta-analysis showed that
LINC00472
expression were higher in ER-positive than ER-negative tumors and that high expression was associated with better disease outcomes in ER-positive patients.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates that ERα upregulates
LINC00472
which suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and suggests that endocrine treatment may lower
LINC00472
and increase NF-κB activities, leading to tumor progression and disease recurrence.
The search for topological superconductors (TSCs) is one of the most urgent contemporary problems in condensed matter systems. TSCs are characterized by a full superconducting gap in the bulk and ...topologically protected gapless surface (or edge) states. Within each vortex core of TSCs, there exists the zero-energy Majorana bound states, which are predicted to exhibit non-Abelian statistics and to form the basis of the fault-tolerant quantum computation. To date, no stoichiometric bulk material exhibits the required topological surface states (TSSs) at the Fermi level (EF) combined with fully gapped bulk superconductivity. We report atomic-scale visualization of the TSSs of the noncentrosymmetric fully gapped superconductor PbTaSe2. Using quasi-particle scattering interference imaging, we find two TSSs with a Dirac point at E ≅ 1.0 eV, of which the inner TSS and the partial outer TSS cross EF, on the Pb-terminated surface of this fully gapped superconductor. This discovery reveals PbTaSe2 as a promising candidate for TSC.
Cadmium is a heavy metal which exists widely in industrial and agricultural production and can induce a variety of diseases in organisms. Therefore, its detection is of great significance in the ...fields of biology, environment and medicine. Fluorescent probe has been a powerful tool for cadmium detection because of its convenience, sensitivity, and bioimaging capability. In this paper, we reviewed 98 literatures on cadmium fluorescent sensors reported from 2017 to 2021, classified them according to different fluorophores, elaborated the probe design, application characteristics and recognition mode, summarized and prospected the development of cadmium fluorescent and colorimetric probes. We hope to provide some help for researchers to design cadmium fluorescent probes with higher selectivity, sensitivity and practicability.
Cadmium is a heavy metal which exists widely in industrial and agricultural production and can induce a variety of diseases in organisms.
This work presents polymer photovoltaic devices based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and TiO2 nanorod hybrid bulk heterojunctions. Interface modification of a TiO2 nanorod surface is conducted to ...yield a very promising device performance of 2.20% with a short circuit current density (J sc) of 4.33 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.78 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.65 under simulated A.M. 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2). The suppression of recombination at P3HT/TiO2 nanorod interfaces by the attachment of effective ligand molecules substantially improves device performance. The correlation between surface photovoltage and hybrid morphology is revealed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The proposed method provides a new route for fabricating low-cost, environmentally friendly polymer/inorganic hybrid bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a compelling candidate for next-generation electronics beyond conventional silicon-based devices due to the exhibition of a sharp metal–insulator transition. In this study, ...in order to realize functional VO2 film for flexible electronics, the growth of VO2 film directly on a transparent and flexible muscovite via van der Waals epitaxy is established. The heteroepitaxy and structural transition of VO2 films on muscovite are examined by a combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The unique metal–insulator transition of VO2 is further revealed with a change in electrical resistance over 103 and a more than 50% variation of optical transmittance. Furthermore, due to the nature of muscovite, the VO2/muscovite heterostructure possesses superior flexibility and optical transparence. The approach developed in this study paves an intriguing way to fabricate functional VO2 film for the applications in flexible electronics.
Charge density waves (CDWs) involved with electronic and phononic subsystems simultaneously are a common quantum state in solid-state physics, especially in low-dimensional materials. However, CDW ...phase dynamics in various dimensions are yet to be studied, and their phase transition mechanism is currently moot. Here we show that using the distinct temperature evolution of orientation-dependent ultrafast electron and phonon dynamics, different dimensional CDW phases are verified in CuTe. When the temperature decreases, the shrinking of c-axis length accompanied with the appearance of interchain and interlayer interactions causes the quantum fluctuations (QF) of the CDW phase until 220 K. At T < 220 K, the CDWs on the different ab-planes are finally locked with each other in anti-phase to form a CDW phase along the c-axis. This study shows the dimension evolution of CDW phases in one CDW system and their stabilized mechanisms in different temperature regimes.
Excitons in monolayer semiconductors have a large optical transition dipole for strong coupling with light. Interlayer excitons in heterobilayers feature a large electric dipole that enables strong ...coupling with an electric field and exciton-exciton interaction at the cost of a small optical dipole. We demonstrate the ability to create a new class of excitons in hetero- and homobilayers that combines advantages of monolayer and interlayer excitons, i.e., featuring both large optical and electric dipoles. These excitons consist of an electron confined in an individual layer, and a hole extended in both layers, where the carrier-species-dependent layer hybridization can be controlled through rotational, translational, band offset, and valley-spin degrees of freedom. We observe different species of layer-hybridized valley excitons, which can be used for realizing strongly interacting polaritonic gases and optical quantum controls of bidirectional interlayer carrier transfer.
The design of multicomponent materials has captured considerable attention due to its extraordinary ability to tailor functional properties. However, how a single element affects the behavior of the ...overall material has yet to be explored in depth. In this study, the heteroepitaxy of high entropy (Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn)3O4 films with varying strain states are investigated in magnetic performance. It is discovered that the high entropy oxide thin film with compressive strain exhibits an effect of crystalline magnetic anisotropy. Diverse analyses provide a detailed understanding of high entropy magnetic oxide systems, including X‐ray diffraction, reciprocal space mapping, macroscopic magnetic characterization, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), etc. Notably, the element‐specific XAS technique proves effective in uncovering the origin of the crystalline magnetic anisotropy. Due to the substrate‐induced epitaxial strain, the eg orbitals of Mn3+ form different energy levels, leading to different preferred electron occupancy. The exploration of magnetic properties in epitaxial high entropy oxide film is then raveled. By navigating the complexities introduced by the random atom distribution and intricate magnetic interactions, this study pioneers novel methodologies for probing the core physics of high entropy oxides.
Interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor contribute to the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We investigated these signaling pathways and the involvement of G protein subunit alpha ...i1 (GNAI1), GNAI2, and GNAI3 in the development of CAC in mice and humans.
B6;129 wild-type (control) or mice with disruption of Gnai1, Gnai2, and/or Gnai3 or conditional disruption of Gnai2 in CD11c+ or epithelial cells were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis followed by azoxymethane (AOM) to induce carcinogenesis; some mice were given an antibody against IL6. Feces were collected from mice, and the compositions of microbiomes were analyzed by polymerase chain reactions. Dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) isolated from spleen and colon tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry. We performed immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses of colon tumor tissues, MDSCs, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts to study the expression levels of GNAI1, GNAI2, and GNAI3 and the interactions of GNAI1 and GNAI3 with proteins in the IL6 signaling pathway. We analyzed the expression of Gnai2 messenger RNA by CD11c+ cells in the colonic lamina propria by PrimeFlow, expression of IL6 in DCs by flow cytometry, and secretion of cytokines in sera and colon tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We obtained colon tumor and matched nontumor tissues from 83 patients with colorectal cancer having surgery in China and 35 patients with CAC in the United States. Mouse and human colon tissues were analyzed by histology, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and/or RNA-sequencing analyses.
GNAI1 and GNAI3 (GNAI1;3) double-knockout (DKO) mice developed more severe colitis after administration of DSS and significantly more colonic tumors than control mice after administration of AOM plus DSS. Development of increased tumors in DKO mice was not associated with changes in fecal microbiomes but was associated with activation of nuclear factor (NF) κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3; increased levels of GNAI2, nitric oxide synthase 2, and IL6; increased numbers of CD4+ DCs and MDSCs; and decreased numbers of CD8+ DCs. IL6 was mainly produced by CD4+/CD11b+, but not CD8+, DCs in DKO mice. Injection of DKO mice with a blocking antibody against IL6 reduced the expansion of MDSCs and the number of tumors that developed after CAC induction. Incubation of MDSCs or mouse embryonic fibroblasts with IL6 induced activation of either NF-κB by a JAK2-TRAF6-TAK1-CHUK/IKKB signaling pathway or STAT3 by JAK2. This activation resulted in expression of GNAI2, IL6 signal transducer (IL6ST, also called GP130) and nitric oxide synthase 2, and expansion of MDSCs; the expression levels of these proteins and expansion of MDSCs were further increased by the absence of GNAI1;3 in cells and mice. Conditional disruption of Gnai2 in CD11c+ cells of DKO mice prevented activation of NF-κB and STAT3 and changes in numbers of DCs and MDSCs. Colon tumor tissues from patients with CAC had reduced levels of GNAI1 and GNAI3 and increased levels of GNAI2 compared with normal tissues. Further analysis of a public human colorectal tumor DNA microarray database (GSE39582) showed that low Gani1 and Gnai3 messenger RNA expression and high Gnai2 messenger RNA expression were significantly associated with decreased relapse-free survival.
GNAI1;3 suppresses DSS-plus-AOM–induced colon tumor development in mice, whereas expression of GNAI2 in CD11c+ cells and IL6 in CD4+/CD11b+ DCs appears to promote these effects. Strategies to induce GNAI1;3, or block GNAI2 and IL6, might be developed for the prevention or therapy of CAC in patients.
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Modulation of band bending at a complex oxide heterointerface by a ferroelectric layer is demonstrated. The as‐grown polarization (Pup) leads to charge depletion and consequently low conduction. ...Switching the polarization direction (Pdown) results in charge accumulation and enhances the conduction at the interface. The metal–insulator transition at a conducting polar/nonpolar oxide heterointerface can be controlled by ferroelectric doping.
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