Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of sinonasal cancer. Many surgical approaches have been described, including open, endoscopic, or combined approaches. The choice is based on several ...criteria: general criteria related to the oncological results and morbidity of each technique, specific criteria related to the tumor (tumor extensions, tumor pathology), the patient, or the surgeon himself. The aims of this review are (i) to provide a complete overview of the surgical techniques available for the management of sinonasal malignant tumors, with a special focus on recent developments in the field of transnasal endoscopic surgery; (ii) to summarize the criteria that lead to the choice of one technique over another. In particular, the oncological outcomes, the morbidity of the different techniques, and the specificities of each histologic subtype will be discussed based on a comprehensive literature review.
EPLA lacrimal transposition facilitates management of maxillary sinus/pterygopalatine fossa lesions and overcomes limitations such as the Simmen type I recess or IPMS pedicled on the medial wall, ...without increasing peri‐operative morbidity.
Laryngoscope, 133:2090–2094, 2023
The most massive halos of matter in the Universe grow via accretion and merger events throughout cosmic times. These violent processes generate shocks at many scales and induce large-scale bulk and ...turbulent motions. These processes inject kinetic energy at large scales, which is transported to the viscous dissipation scales, contributing to the overall heating and virialisation of the halo, and acting as a source of non-thermal pressure in the intra-cluster medium. Characterizing the physical properties of these gas motions will help us to better understand the assembly of massive halos, hence the formation and the evolution of these large-scale structures. We base this characterization on the study of the X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect brightness fluctuations. Our work relies on three complementary samples covering a wide range of red-shifts, masses and dynamical states of clusters. We present the results of our X-ray analysis for the low redshift sample, X-COP, and a subsample of higher redshift clusters. We investigate the derived properties according to the dynamical state of our clusters, and the possibility of a self-similar behaviour based on the reconstructed gas motions power-spectra and the correlation with various morphological indicators.
ABSTRACT
This article presents the results of a spectroscopic analysis of the X-CLASS-redMaPPer (XC1-RM) galaxy cluster sample. X-CLASS is a serendipitous search for clusters in X-ray wavebands based ...on the XMM–Newton archive, whereas redMaPPer is an optical cluster catalogue derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The present sample comprises 92 X-ray extended sources identified in optical images within 1 arcmin separation. The area covered by the cluster sample is ∼ 27 deg2. The clusters span a wide redshift range (0.05 < z < 0.6) and 88 clusters benefit from spectrosopically confirmed redshifts using data from SDSS Data Release 14. We present an automated pipeline to derive the X-ray properties of the clusters in three distinct apertures: R500 (at fixed mass overdensity), Rfit (at fixed signal-to-noise ratio) and ${R}_{300\, {\rm kpc}}$ (fixed physical radius). The sample extends over wide temperature and luminosity ranges: from 1–10 keV and from 6 × 1042 to 11 × 1044 erg s−1, respectively. We investigate the luminosity–temperature (L–T) relation of the XC1-RM sample and find a slope equal to 3.03 ± 0.26. It is steeper than predicted by self-similar assumptions, in agreement with independent studies. A simplified approach is developed to estimate the amount and impact of selection biases that might be affecting our recoveredL–Tparameters. The result of this simulation process suggests that the measuredL–Trelation is biased to a steeper slope and higher normalization.
ABSTRACT
We present a sample of 329 low-to intermediate-redshift (0.05 <z< 0.3) brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in X-ray-selected clusters from the SPectroscopic IDentification of eRosita Sources ...survey, a spectroscopic survey within Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We define our BCGs by simultaneous consideration of legacy X-ray data from ROSAT, maximum-likelihood outputs from an optical cluster-finder algorithm and visual inspection. Using SDSS imaging data, we fit Sérsic profiles to our BCGs in three bands (g, r, i) with sigma a galfit-based software wrapper. We examine the reliability of our fits by running our pipeline on ∼104 point spread function-convolved model profiles injected into eight random cluster fields; we then use the results of this analysis to create a robust subsample of 198 BCGs. We outline three cluster properties of interest: overall cluster X-ray luminosity (LX), cluster richness as estimated by redMaPPer (λ),and cluster halo mass (M200), which is estimated via velocity dispersion. In general, there are significant correlations with BCG stellar mass between all three environmental properties, but no significant trends arise with either Sérsic index or effective radius. There is no major environmental dependence on the strength of the relation between effective radius and BCG stellar mass. Stellar mass therefore arises as the most important factor governing BCG morphology. Our results indicate that our sample consists of a large number of relaxed, mature clusters containing broadly homogeneous BCGs up to z ∼ 0.3, suggesting that there is little evidence for much ongoing structural evolution for BCGs in these systems.
Objectives/Hypothesis
The pathogeny of osteomyelitis of the skull base has evolved over time with the emergence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Pseudomonas strains and significant fungal infections, both ...of which seem to bring a higher morbidity. The aims of this study were 1) to document the incidence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa over the past 7 years; 2) to assess morbidity by a radiologic score, the occurrence of cranial nerve palsies, and the duration of the hospital stay, according to the pathogenesis; and 3) to propose a treatment strategy.
Study Design
Retrospective chart review of necrotizing external otitis cases from 2004 to 2011. The setting was the Department of ENT Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris.
Methods
Thirty‐one patients were included. Radiological scores were assessed based on the initial computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging, which specified the anatomical territory involved. Nerve palsies, the duration of hospitalization, and the radiological scores were analyzed with regard to the pathogen.
Results
Twenty‐eight patients had a bacterial disease. Of the 20 strains of P. aeruginosa identified, five (25%) were ciprofloxacin‐resistant P. aeruginosa. Three patients (10%) had a fungal infection due to Aspergillus flavus. Nerve palsies, radiological scores, and hospitalization durations were significantly higher for patients with resistant strains and A. flavus.
Conclusions
In our series, the prevalence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Pseudomonas strains increased over time. Along with fungal infections, they formed a group with a higher morbidity than that of ciprofloxacin‐sensitive Pseudomonas infections that furthermore did not respond to oral outpatient treatment. This is why pathogen identification using biopsies is sometimes required to start a prolonged treatment.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope, 124:2013–2016, 2014
Inverted papillomas (IP) inserted in the frontal sinus and/or recess may be treated by using an endoscopic endonasal or an external approach. There are still few data available on this uncommon ...localization of IPs.
To report our experience in the management of IP of the frontal drainage pathway, to describe a previously unreported specific complication of this surgery, and to discuss the optimal surgical strategy.
A retrospective study of the patients at a tertiary care center between 2004 and 2014 who were operated on for an IP with an insertion in the frontal recess and/or the frontal sinus. Clinical charts were reviewed for demographics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical treatment, and outcome.
Twenty-seven patients were included. Patients were operated on by using a purely endoscopic approach (Draf procedure; n = 14 51.9%) when the IP was inserted in the frontal recess and/or the frontal sinus infundibulum (with a nasoseptal-septoturbinal flap placed on the exposed bone in four patients), or by using a combined endoscopic and open approach (osteoplastic flap procedure; n = 13 48.1%) when the IP invaded the frontal sinus beyond the infundibulum. There were two recurrences (7.4%), with a mean follow-up of 40 months (range, 9-123 months). During follow-up, single or multiple iatrogenic frontal mucoceles were observed in 10 patients (37%), with a mean delay of 60 months (range, 27-89 months). These mucoceles occurred both after using endoscopic (n = 3) or combined (n = 7) approaches, and required a surgical treatment in eight patients. No postoperative mucocele was observed in the four patients who had had a septal flap.
In our experience, an approach based on the localization of the IP insertion provided acceptable results in terms of the local control rate (92.6%). However, the significant rate of postoperative mucoceles indicated that specific strategies (such as local flaps) still need to be developed to avoid this iatrogenic complication.
Context.
Amongst the many plasma processes potentially relevant to the dynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM), turbulence driven at observable scales by internal magnetised buoyancy instabilities ...such as the magneto-thermal instability (MTI) stands out in the outskirts of the ICM, where the background temperature decreases with the radius.
Aims.
We characterise the statistical properties of MTI turbulence in the ICM and assess whether such large-scale magnetised plasma dynamics would be detectable with the future X-ray calorimeter X-IFU on board Athena.
Methods.
We made use of scaling laws previously derived to phenomenologically estimate the observable turbulent saturation levels and injection length of MTI turbulence for different ICM thermodynamic profiles, and performed a numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the dynamics with Braginskii heat and momentum diffusion. As a prospective exercise, we used the simulation to virtually observe MTI turbulence through the X-IFU.
Results.
In bright enough regions amenable to X-ray observations, the MTI drives mild turbulence up to ∼5% and ∼100 km s
−1
(root-mean square temperature fluctuation and velocity). However, the measurable integrated temperature fluctuation and line-of-sight velocity fields, the latter being essentially the azimuthal velocity component in cluster haloes, hardly exceed 1% and 10 km s
−1
, respectively (root-mean square). We show that such moderate signals would be difficult to detect with upcoming X-ray telescopes. We also find that MTI turbulence is anisotropic in the direction of gravity and develops at scales ≳0.2 Mpc. If the fluctuation intensities were to be stronger than the current theoretical estimates, MTI fluctuations would be detectable and their anisotropy discernible with the X-IFU.
Conclusions.
Finding direct signatures of magnetised plasma dynamics in the ICM, even at observable scales typical of the fluid MTI, remains challenging. This study only marks a first step in this direction. Several numerical and observational strategies are discussed to make further progress in the future.
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