The question of how games should be taught is still a controversial subject. There has been a growing number of studies on teaching games and coaching sports since the first publication of Bunker and ...Thorpe on Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). In this sense, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically review the scientific literature about the effects of technical and tactical approach interventions on skill execution and decision making, and to examine the influence of the teacher/coach management style. A systematic literature search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and SportDiscus electronic databases. A total of seven and six studies were deemed to meet the inclusion criteria for decision making and skill execution, respectively. Meta-analysis results showed that tactical interventions achieved significant improvements in decision making (effect size = 0.89 with 95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.12 to 1.65), but they did not show significant improvements in skill execution (effect size = 0.89 with 95% CI from -0.45 to 2.23) compared to technical approaches. However, the heterogeneity of interventions was large and the quality of evidence was low according to GRADE. In conclusion, tactical approaches are recommended to teach games and sports in order to develop technique, understanding, tactical knowledge, and decision making, which are demanded in game play. These findings could be useful for teachers and coaches to improve these aspects of their players and students.
The extracellular protease ADAMTS1 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin repeats 1) has been described as an anti‐angiogenic molecule and its role as a putative tumor protective ...molecule has also been suggested. Here, we have used a tumor xenograft model to determine the role of ADAMTS1 in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Increasing levels of the protease led to the complete inhibition of tumor growth. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action of this protease, we focused our attention on its proteolytic activity on nidogens, one of the main components of the vascular basement membrane. The increased expression of ADAMTS1 was accompanied by increased proteolysis of nidogen‐1 and ‐2 and their almost complete removal from vascular structures, together with major morphological alterations of tumor blood vessels and a decreased vessel density. The clinical relevance of this work is supported by our observations that ADAMTS1 expression is decreased in breast tumor specimens when compared with healthy tissue. Our studies also reveal that the cleavage of nidogen‐1 and ‐2 is partially inhibited in human tumor samples. Moreover, the deposition of both nidogens surrounding vascular structures is drastically altered, implying a possible reduction in the maintenance of vessel integrity. Our studies reflect the requirement to explore the functional interactions between proteases and specific substrates in cancer biology.
What's new?
The extracellular milieu is a complex and dynamic environment, and certain proteases within it may play a role in tumor suppression. Of particular interest is the protease ADAMTS1, which this study indicates is a key tumor inhibitor in the extracellular matrix. In mice, increased ADAMTS1 was correlated with increased proteolysis of nidogens in the vascular basement membrane and decreased vessel density in tumors. Conversely, the protease was downregulated and nidogen proteolysis partially inhibited, with implications for vessel integrity, in human breast cancer specimens. The findings suggest that protease interactions with specific substrates are of functional importance in the tumor microenvironment.
The aim was to review the effects of cooperative learning interventions on intrinsic motivation in physical education students, as well as to conduct a meta-analysis to determinate the overall effect ...size of these interventions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. The PEDro Scale was used to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. A total of five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and they were included in the meta-analysis. Effect size for intrinsic motivation of each study was calculated using the means and standard deviations of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC) before and after the intervention. The overall effect size for intrinsic motivation was 0.38 (95% CI from 0.17 to 0.60) while the heterogeneity was large. Although four of the five studies reported significant within-group improvements in intrinsic motivation, only three studies showed significant between-group differences in favor of the experimental group. The findings showed that program duration and participant age may be relevant factors that must be considered by educators and researchers to conduct future effective interventions. Cooperative learning interventions could be a useful teaching strategy to improve physical education students’ intrinsic motivation. However, given the large heterogeneity and the low quality of the evidence, these findings must be taken with caution.
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating illness associated with a constellation of other symptoms. While the most common symptom is unrelenting fatigue, many ...individuals also report suffering from rhinitis, dry eyes and a sore throat. Mucin proteins are responsible for contributing to the formation of mucosal membranes throughout the body. These mucosal pathways contribute to the body's defense mechanisms involving pathogenic onset. When compromised by pathogens the epithelium releases numerous cytokines and enters a prolonged state of inflammation to eradicate any particular infection. Based on genetic analysis, and computational theory and modeling we hypothesize that mucin protein dysfunction may contribute to ME/CFS symptoms due to the inability to form adequate mucosal layers throughout the body, especially in the ocular and otolaryngological pathways leading to low grade chronic inflammation and the exacerbation of symptoms.
Objective
To assess the test‐retest reliability of the 10‐step stair ascent test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 10‐meter walking test under dual‐task conditions in patients with fibromyalgia.
...Design
Test‐retest reliability.
Settings
Local fibromyalgia association and university facilities.
Participants
Thirty‐eight women with fibromyalgia.
Interventions
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures
Fear of falling and the number of falls in the last year were measured using a visual analogue scale. The 10‐step stair ascent test, TUG test, and 10‐meter walking test were conducted under single‐ and dual‐task conditions. The order between single‐ and dual‐task condition was randomized in both test and retest. Retest measurement was assessed the week following the test.
Results
The reliability of the performance on the 10‐step stair ascent test under dual and single conditions ranged between good (>0.75 to < 0.9) and excellent (≥0.9), but there were significant differences between test and retest. The reliability of the TUG is between good (≥0.75 to < 0.9) and excellent (≥0.9) under the dual‐task condition as well as moderate (≥0.5 to <0.75) and excellent (≥0.9) under the single‐task condition. The reliability of the 10‐meter walking dual‐task test is between moderate (≥0.5 to <0.75) and good (≥0.75 to < 0.9) under dual‐ and single‐task condition, respectively.
Conclusions
The TUG and 10‐meter walking tests are reliable for assessing mobility under the dual‐task condition in women with fibromyalgia. The performance on the TUG, 10‐step stair ascent, and 10‐meter walking test under single‐ and dual‐task conditions was significantly related to fear of falling. These results may help healthcare professionals and researchers to interpret the effect of interventions in women with fibromyalgia.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diffusion capacity and the biological effects of different bleaching products on human dental pulp stem cells (
DPSCs). The bleaching gel was applied for ...90, 30 or 15 min to enamel/dentine discs that adapted in an artificial chamber. The diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (HP) was analysed by fluorometry and the diffusion products were applied to
DPSCs. Cell viability, cell migration and cell morphology assays were performed using the eluates of diffusion products. Finally, cell apoptosis and the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers were analysed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Kruskal⁻Wallis or Mann⁻Whitney tests (α < 0.05). Significant reductions of approximately 95% in cell viability were observed for the 3 × 15 min groups (
< 0.001), while 1 × 30 min of PerfectBleach and 1 × 90 min of PolaNight resulted in reductions of 50% and 60% in cell viability, respectively (
< 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the migration assay. Moreover, the 3 × 15 min group was associated with cell morphology alterations and reductions of >70% in cell live. Finally,
DPSCs maintained their mesenchymal phenotype in all conditions. Similar concentrations of carbamide peroxide (CP) and HP in different commercial products exhibited different biological effects on hDPSCs.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem with different negative consequences for women’s mental health. This pilot study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent ...intervention for battered women using a comparison group design to analyze improvement in self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy, body dissatisfaction, and depression. The intervention consisted of an eight-session multicomponent intervention program based on the combination of group psychological therapy and adventure activities. The study sample originally consisted of 34 women IPV victims. Self-report psychological assessment was conducted during the pre-test and post-test while interviews were conducted during the post-test among the experimental group. The results of this pilot study suggest the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral multicomponent intervention on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression in the IPV victims from the experimental group. We conclude that these findings support the efficacy of this psychological intervention program. Practical implications and suggestions are also discussed.
The present study aimed to: (1) analyze the test-retest reliability of the 30 s chair stand test and the 30 s arm curl test under dual-task conditions; (2) analyze the test-retest reliability of a ...new variable which assesses the total performance (cognitive + physical) in both tests. A total of 37 women with fibromyalgia participated in the study. Participants completed the 30 s arm curl test and 30 s chair stand test in both simple and dual-task conditions. These tests were repeated after seven days. In the 30 s chair stand dual-task test the reliability was low to good whereas that of the total performance variable was low to moderate. The reliability in both the 30 s arm curl dual-task test and the total performance variable were good to moderate. Both the 30 s chair stand test and 30 s arm curl test under dual-task conditions and the total performance variables had good test-retest reliability. However, it is necessary to consider the fluctuations of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
To evaluate the effects of an exergame-based intervention on a population sample of women with fibromyalgia.
Single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 8-week intervention.
Fibromyalgia center.
...Participants (all women) (N=83) were divided into 2 groups: an exercise group (n=42; mean age ± SD, 52.52±9.73y) and a nonexercise group (n=41; mean age ± SD, 52.47±8.75y).
Women in the exercise group completed an 8-week exergame-based training program, which was focused on postural control and coordination of the upper and lower limbs, aerobic conditioning, strength, and mobility. Women (groups of 3) were encouraged to exercise for 120 minutes (over 2 sessions) per week.
Main outcome measures included pain and disease effect, which were assessed with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), a specific measure for fibromyalgia. Secondary outcome measure included quality of life, which was assessed with the EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) generic instrument.
The results showed that 97.62% of participants in the exercise group completed the 8-week intervention. The exercise group showed a significant improvement (P<.05) in the EQ-5D-5L utility index, and in 3 of 5 dimensions. For the FIQ, significant improvements were observed in the dimensions of pain, stiffness, anxiety, and feel good. The FIQ score was also reduced. The mean between-group improvement was 8.25 (95% confidence interval, 2.85-13.65).
The results and levels of compliance/adherence suggest this exergame-based training program is an effective intervention for reducing pain and increasing health-related quality of life in women with fibromyalgia.
Objective
The objective of this observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study was to assess the perceived quality and grade of satisfaction expressed by patients with chronic ...arthropathies regarding the use of musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasonography by rheumatologists as an integrated clinical care tool.
Methods
All Spanish rheumatology departments with MSK ultrasonography incorporated in their healthcare services were invited to participate in the study. A Spanish-language survey was offered to fill out anonymously to all consecutive patients with chronic arthropathies under follow-up in the rheumatology outpatient clinics who attended their centre for a period of 3 months. The survey consisted of three sections. The first section contained patients’ demographics, disease data, frequency of performing rheumatological ultrasound and information about who performed their ultrasound assessments. The second section consisted of 14 questions about patient’s experience and opinion on different aspects of the management, performance and perceived usefulness of performing ultrasound, to be answered on a Likert scale 1–5. The third section of the survey was addressed to the rheumatologist ultrasonographers.
Results
Nine hundred and four patients from 16 university hospital rheumatology departments completed the survey. All questions reached an overall favourable response ≥ 80%. Patients who reported usual ultrasound examinations in their rheumatology care and those in which it was their attending rheumatologist who performed the ultrasound assessments responded more favourably.
Conclusion
Our encouraging patient-centred results may be useful in facilitating the implementation of rheumatological ultrasound in rheumatology care worldwide.
Key Points
•
This is the largest multicentre survey carried out in patients with chronic joint diseases designed to assess their experience and perceived benefits with the use of ultrasonography performed by rheumatologists in daily practice.
•
Musculoskeletal ultrasound incorporated into rheumatology care was very well accepted and valued by most patients.
•
The patients perceived that ultrasonography helps not only their rheumatologist but also themselves to better understand their condition.
•
The patients believed that ultrasonography helps them accept and comply with the proposed treatment.
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